Examples of org.joda.time.Chronology

org.joda.time.Chronology
Chronology provides access to the individual date time fields for a chronological calendar system.
Various chronologies are supported by subclasses including ISO and GregorianJulian. To construct a Chronology you should use the factory methods on the chronology subclass in the chrono package.
For example, to obtain the current time in the coptic calendar system:
```
 DateTime dt = new DateTime(CopticChronology.getInstance()); 
```
The provided chronology implementations are:
- ISO - Based on the ISO8601 standard and suitable for use after about 1600
- GJ - Historically accurate calendar with Julian followed by Gregorian
- Gregorian - The Gregorian calendar system used for all time (proleptic)
- Julian - The Julian calendar system used for all time (proleptic)
- Buddhist - The Buddhist calendar system which is an offset in years from GJ
- Coptic - The Coptic calendar system which defines 30 day months
- Ethiopic - The Ethiopic calendar system which defines 30 day months
Hopefully future releases will contain more chronologies.
This class defines a number of fields with names from the ISO8601 standard. It does not 'strongly' define these fields however, thus implementations are free to interpret the field names as they wish. For example, a week could be defined as 10 days and a month as 40 days in a special WeirdChronology implementation. Clearly the GJ and ISO implementations provided use the field names as you would expect. @see org.joda.time.chrono.ISOChronology @see org.joda.time.chrono.GJChronology @see org.joda.time.chrono.GregorianChronology @see org.joda.time.chrono.JulianChronology @see org.joda.time.chrono.CopticChronology @see org.joda.time.chrono.BuddhistChronology @see org.joda.time.chrono.EthiopicChronology @author Stephen Colebourne @author Brian S O'Neill @since 1.0

         * duplicates.
         *
         * @param saveMillis savings before next transition
         */
        public Transition nextTransition(final long instant, final int saveMillis) {
            Chronology chrono = ISOChronology.getInstanceUTC();


            // Find next matching rule.
            Rule nextRule = null;
            long nextMillis = Long.MAX_VALUE;
            
            Iterator it = iRules.iterator();
            while (it.hasNext()) {
                Rule rule = (Rule)it.next();
                long next = rule.next(instant, iStandardOffset, saveMillis);
                if (next <= instant) {
                    it.remove();
                    continue;
                }
                // Even if next is same as previous next, choose the rule
                // in order for more recently added rules to override.
                if (next <= nextMillis) {
                    // Found a better match.
                    nextRule = rule;
                    nextMillis = next;
                }
            }
            
            if (nextRule == null) {
                return null;
            }
            
            // Stop precalculating if year reaches some arbitrary limit.
            if (chrono.year().get(nextMillis) >= YEAR_LIMIT) {
                return null;
            }
            
            // Check if upper limit reached or passed.
            if (iUpperYear < Integer.MAX_VALUE) {

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                offset = standardOffset;
            } else {
                offset = 0;
            }


            Chronology chrono = ISOChronology.getInstanceUTC();
            long millis = chrono.year().set(0, year);
            millis = chrono.monthOfYear().set(millis, iMonthOfYear);
            millis = chrono.millisOfDay().set(millis, iMillisOfDay);
            millis = setDayOfMonth(chrono, millis);


            if (iDayOfWeek != 0) {
                millis = setDayOfWeek(chrono, millis);
            }

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            }


            // Convert from UTC to local time.
            instant += offset;


            Chronology chrono = ISOChronology.getInstanceUTC();
            long next = chrono.monthOfYear().set(instant, iMonthOfYear);
            // Be lenient with millisOfDay.
            next = chrono.millisOfDay().set(next, 0);
            next = chrono.millisOfDay().add(next, iMillisOfDay);
            next = setDayOfMonthNext(chrono, next);


            if (iDayOfWeek == 0) {
                if (next <= instant) {
                    next = chrono.year().add(next, 1);
                    next = setDayOfMonthNext(chrono, next);
                }
            } else {
                next = setDayOfWeek(chrono, next);
                if (next <= instant) {
                    next = chrono.year().add(next, 1);
                    next = chrono.monthOfYear().set(next, iMonthOfYear);
                    next = setDayOfMonthNext(chrono, next);
                    next = setDayOfWeek(chrono, next);
                }
            }

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            }


            // Convert from UTC to local time.
            instant += offset;


            Chronology chrono = ISOChronology.getInstanceUTC();
            long prev = chrono.monthOfYear().set(instant, iMonthOfYear);
            // Be lenient with millisOfDay.
            prev = chrono.millisOfDay().set(prev, 0);
            prev = chrono.millisOfDay().add(prev, iMillisOfDay);
            prev = setDayOfMonthPrevious(chrono, prev);


            if (iDayOfWeek == 0) {
                if (prev >= instant) {
                    prev = chrono.year().add(prev, -1);
                    prev = setDayOfMonthPrevious(chrono, prev);
                }
            } else {
                prev = setDayOfWeek(chrono, prev);
                if (prev >= instant) {
                    prev = chrono.year().add(prev, -1);
                    prev = chrono.monthOfYear().set(prev, iMonthOfYear);
                    prev = setDayOfMonthPrevious(chrono, prev);
                    prev = setDayOfWeek(chrono, prev);
                }
            }

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        public int getSaveMillis() {
            return iRecurrence.getSaveMillis();
        }


        public long next(final long instant, int standardOffset, int saveMillis) {
            Chronology chrono = ISOChronology.getInstanceUTC();


            final int wallOffset = standardOffset + saveMillis;
            long testInstant = instant;


            int year;
            if (instant == Long.MIN_VALUE) {
                year = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
            } else {
                year = chrono.year().get(instant + wallOffset);
            }


            if (year < iFromYear) {
                // First advance instant to start of from year.
                testInstant = chrono.year().set(0, iFromYear) - wallOffset;
                // Back off one millisecond to account for next recurrence
                // being exactly at the beginning of the year.
                testInstant -= 1;
            }


            long next = iRecurrence.next(testInstant, standardOffset, saveMillis);


            if (next > instant) {
                year = chrono.year().get(next + wallOffset);
                if (year > iToYear) {
                    // Out of range, return original value.
                    next = instant;
                }
            }

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     * @param buf  formatted instant is appended to this buffer
     * @param instant  instant to format, null means now
     */
    public void printTo(StringBuffer buf, ReadableInstant instant) {
        long millis = DateTimeUtils.getInstantMillis(instant);
        Chronology chrono = DateTimeUtils.getInstantChronology(instant);
        printTo(buf, millis, chrono);
    }

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     * @param out  formatted instant is written out
     * @param instant  instant to format, null means now
     */
    public void printTo(Writer out, ReadableInstant instant) throws IOException {
        long millis = DateTimeUtils.getInstantMillis(instant);
        Chronology chrono = DateTimeUtils.getInstantChronology(instant);
        printTo(out, millis, chrono);
    }

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        if (instant == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Instant must not be null");
        }
        
        long instantMillis = instant.getMillis();
        Chronology chrono = instant.getChronology();
        long instantLocal = instantMillis + chrono.getZone().getOffset(instantMillis);
        chrono = selectChronology(chrono);
        
        DateTimeParserBucket bucket = new DateTimeParserBucket
            (instantLocal, chrono, iLocale, iPivotYear);
        int newPos = parser.parseInto(bucket, text, position);
        instant.setMillis(bucket.computeMillis(false, text));
        if (iOffsetParsed && bucket.getZone() == null) {
            int parsedOffset = bucket.getOffset();
            DateTimeZone parsedZone = DateTimeZone.forOffsetMillis(parsedOffset);
            chrono = chrono.withZone(parsedZone);
        }
        instant.setChronology(chrono);
        return newPos;
    }

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     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the text to parse is invalid
     */
    public long parseMillis(String text) {
        DateTimeParser parser = requireParser();
        
        Chronology chrono = selectChronology(iChrono);
        DateTimeParserBucket bucket = new DateTimeParserBucket(0, chrono, iLocale, iPivotYear);
        int newPos = parser.parseInto(bucket, text, 0);
        if (newPos >= 0) {
            if (newPos >= text.length()) {
                return bucket.computeMillis(true, text);

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     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the text to parse is invalid
     */
    public DateTime parseDateTime(String text) {
        DateTimeParser parser = requireParser();
        
        Chronology chrono = selectChronology(null);
        DateTimeParserBucket bucket = new DateTimeParserBucket(0, chrono, iLocale, iPivotYear);
        int newPos = parser.parseInto(bucket, text, 0);
        if (newPos >= 0) {
            if (newPos >= text.length()) {
                long millis = bucket.computeMillis(true, text);
                if (iOffsetParsed && bucket.getZone() == null) {
                    int parsedOffset = bucket.getOffset();
                    DateTimeZone parsedZone = DateTimeZone.forOffsetMillis(parsedOffset);
                    chrono = chrono.withZone(parsedZone);
                }
                return new DateTime(millis, chrono);
            }
        } else {
            newPos = ~newPos;

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