Package org.hsqldb.dbinfo

Source Code of org.hsqldb.dbinfo.DatabaseInformationFull

/* Copyright (c) 2001-2014, The HSQL Development Group
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* Neither the name of the HSQL Development Group nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
* software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL HSQL DEVELOPMENT GROUP, HSQLDB.ORG,
* OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
* EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
* PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
* LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
* ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
* SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/


package org.hsqldb.dbinfo;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.LineNumberReader;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;

import org.hsqldb.ColumnSchema;
import org.hsqldb.Constraint;
import org.hsqldb.Database;
import org.hsqldb.Expression;
import org.hsqldb.ExpressionColumn;
import org.hsqldb.HsqlException;
import org.hsqldb.HsqlNameManager;
import org.hsqldb.HsqlNameManager.HsqlName;
import org.hsqldb.NumberSequence;
import org.hsqldb.Routine;
import org.hsqldb.RoutineSchema;
import org.hsqldb.Schema;
import org.hsqldb.SchemaObject;
import org.hsqldb.SchemaObjectSet;
import org.hsqldb.Session;
import org.hsqldb.SqlInvariants;
import org.hsqldb.Statement;
import org.hsqldb.Table;
import org.hsqldb.TableBase;
import org.hsqldb.TextTable;
import org.hsqldb.Tokens;
import org.hsqldb.TriggerDef;
import org.hsqldb.View;
import org.hsqldb.lib.ArrayUtil;
import org.hsqldb.lib.FileUtil;
import org.hsqldb.lib.HashMappedList;
import org.hsqldb.lib.HashSet;
import org.hsqldb.lib.Iterator;
import org.hsqldb.lib.LineGroupReader;
import org.hsqldb.lib.OrderedHashSet;
import org.hsqldb.lib.Set;
import org.hsqldb.lib.WrapperIterator;
import org.hsqldb.map.ValuePool;
import org.hsqldb.persist.DataFileCache;
import org.hsqldb.persist.HsqlDatabaseProperties;
import org.hsqldb.persist.HsqlProperties;
import org.hsqldb.persist.PersistentStore;
import org.hsqldb.persist.TextCache;
import org.hsqldb.persist.TextFileSettings;
import org.hsqldb.result.Result;
import org.hsqldb.rights.GrantConstants;
import org.hsqldb.rights.Grantee;
import org.hsqldb.rights.Right;
import org.hsqldb.types.ArrayType;
import org.hsqldb.types.CharacterType;
import org.hsqldb.types.Charset;
import org.hsqldb.types.Collation;
import org.hsqldb.types.IntervalType;
import org.hsqldb.types.NumberType;
import org.hsqldb.types.TimestampData;
import org.hsqldb.types.Type;

// fredt@users - 1.7.2 - structural modifications to allow inheritance
// boucherb@users - 1.7.2 - 20020225
// - factored out all reusable code into DIXXX support classes
// - completed Fred's work on allowing inheritance
// boucherb@users - 1.7.2 - 20020304 - bug fixes, refinements, better java docs
// fredt@users - 1.8.0 - updated to report latest enhancements and changes
// boucherb@users - 1.8.0 - 20050515 - further SQL 2003 metadata support
// boucherb@users 20051207 - patch 1.8.x initial JDBC 4.0 support work
// fredt@users - 1.9.0 - new tables + renaming + upgrade of some others to SQL/SCHEMATA
// Revision 1.12  2006/07/12 11:42:09  boucherb
//  - merging back remaining material overritten by Fred's type-system upgrades
//  - rework to use grantee (versus user) orientation for certain system table content
//  - update collation and character set reporting to correctly reflect SQL3 spec

/**
* Provides definitions for most of the SQL Standard Schemata views that are
* supported by HSQLDB.<p>
*
* Provides definitions for some of HSQLDB's additional system vies.
*
* The definitions for the rest of system vies are provided by
* DatabaseInformationMain, which this class extends. <p>
*
* @author Campbell Boucher-Burnet (boucherb@users dot sourceforge.net)
* @author Fred Toussi (fredt@users dot sourceforge.net)
* @version 2.3.2
* @since 1.7.2
*/
final class DatabaseInformationFull
extends org.hsqldb.dbinfo.DatabaseInformationMain {

    static final HashMappedList statementMap;

    static {
        synchronized (DatabaseInformationFull.class) {
            final String path = "/org/hsqldb/resources/information-schema.sql";
            final String[] starters = new String[]{ "/*" };
            InputStream fis = (InputStream) AccessController.doPrivileged(
                new PrivilegedAction() {

                public InputStream run() {
                    return getClass().getResourceAsStream(path);
                }
            });
            InputStreamReader reader = null;

            try {
                reader = new InputStreamReader(fis, "ISO-8859-1");
            } catch (Exception e) {}

            LineNumberReader lineReader = new LineNumberReader(reader);
            LineGroupReader  lg = new LineGroupReader(lineReader, starters);

            statementMap = lg.getAsMap();

            lg.close();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new DatabaseInformationFull instance. <p>
     *
     * @param db the database for which to produce system tables.
     */
    DatabaseInformationFull(Database db) {
        super(db);
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the system table corresponding to the specified index. <p>
     *
     * @param tableIndex index identifying the system table to generate
     * @return the system table corresponding to the specified index
     */
    protected Table generateTable(Session session, PersistentStore store,
                                  int tableIndex) {

        switch (tableIndex) {

            // HSQLDB-specific
            case SYSTEM_CACHEINFO :
                return SYSTEM_CACHEINFO(session, store);

            case SYSTEM_COLUMN_SEQUENCE_USAGE :
                return SYSTEM_COLUMN_SEQUENCE_USAGE(session, store);

            case SYSTEM_COMMENTS :
                return SYSTEM_COMMENTS(session, store);

            case SYSTEM_SESSIONINFO :
                return SYSTEM_SESSIONINFO(session, store);

            case SYSTEM_PROPERTIES :
                return SYSTEM_PROPERTIES(session, store);

            case SYSTEM_SESSIONS :
                return SYSTEM_SESSIONS(session, store);

            case SYSTEM_TEXTTABLES :
                return SYSTEM_TEXTTABLES(session, store);

            case SYSTEM_TABLESTATS :
                return SYSTEM_TABLESTATS(session, store);

            // SQL views
            case ADMINISTRABLE_ROLE_AUTHORIZATIONS :
                return ADMINISTRABLE_ROLE_AUTHORIZATIONS(session, store);

            case APPLICABLE_ROLES :
                return APPLICABLE_ROLES(session, store);

            case ASSERTIONS :
                return ASSERTIONS(session, store);

            case AUTHORIZATIONS :
                return AUTHORIZATIONS(session, store);

            case CHARACTER_SETS :
                return CHARACTER_SETS(session, store);

            case CHECK_CONSTRAINT_ROUTINE_USAGE :
                return CHECK_CONSTRAINT_ROUTINE_USAGE(session, store);

            case CHECK_CONSTRAINTS :
                return CHECK_CONSTRAINTS(session, store);

            case COLLATIONS :
                return COLLATIONS(session, store);

            case COLUMN_COLUMN_USAGE :
                return COLUMN_COLUMN_USAGE(session, store);

            case COLUMN_DOMAIN_USAGE :
                return COLUMN_DOMAIN_USAGE(session, store);

            case COLUMN_UDT_USAGE :
                return COLUMN_UDT_USAGE(session, store);

            case CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE :
                return CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE(session, store);

            case CONSTRAINT_TABLE_USAGE :
                return CONSTRAINT_TABLE_USAGE(session, store);

            case COLUMNS :
                return COLUMNS(session, store);

            case DATA_TYPE_PRIVILEGES :
                return DATA_TYPE_PRIVILEGES(session, store);

            case DOMAIN_CONSTRAINTS :
                return DOMAIN_CONSTRAINTS(session, store);

            case DOMAINS :
                return DOMAINS(session, store);

            case ELEMENT_TYPES :
                return ELEMENT_TYPES(session, store);

            case ENABLED_ROLES :
                return ENABLED_ROLES(session, store);

            case JAR_JAR_USAGE :
                return JAR_JAR_USAGE(session, store);

            case JARS :
                return JARS(session, store);

            case KEY_COLUMN_USAGE :
                return KEY_COLUMN_USAGE(session, store);

            case METHOD_SPECIFICATIONS :
                return METHOD_SPECIFICATIONS(session, store);

            case MODULE_COLUMN_USAGE :
                return MODULE_COLUMN_USAGE(session, store);

            case MODULE_PRIVILEGES :
                return MODULE_PRIVILEGES(session, store);

            case MODULE_TABLE_USAGE :
                return MODULE_TABLE_USAGE(session, store);

            case MODULES :
                return MODULES(session, store);

            case PARAMETERS :
                return PARAMETERS(session, store);

            case REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS :
                return REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS(session, store);

            case ROLE_AUTHORIZATION_DESCRIPTORS :
                return ROLE_AUTHORIZATION_DESCRIPTORS(session, store);

            case ROLE_COLUMN_GRANTS :
                return ROLE_COLUMN_GRANTS(session, store);

            case ROLE_ROUTINE_GRANTS :
                return ROLE_ROUTINE_GRANTS(session, store);

            case ROLE_TABLE_GRANTS :
                return ROLE_TABLE_GRANTS(session, store);

            case ROLE_USAGE_GRANTS :
                return ROLE_USAGE_GRANTS(session, store);

            case ROLE_UDT_GRANTS :
                return ROLE_UDT_GRANTS(session, store);

            case ROUTINE_COLUMN_USAGE :
                return ROUTINE_COLUMN_USAGE(session, store);

            case ROUTINE_JAR_USAGE :
                return ROUTINE_JAR_USAGE(session, store);

            case ROUTINE_PRIVILEGES :
                return ROUTINE_PRIVILEGES(session, store);

            case ROUTINE_ROUTINE_USAGE :
                return ROUTINE_ROUTINE_USAGE(session, store);

            case ROUTINE_SEQUENCE_USAGE :
                return ROUTINE_SEQUENCE_USAGE(session, store);

            case ROUTINE_TABLE_USAGE :
                return ROUTINE_TABLE_USAGE(session, store);

            case ROUTINES :
                return ROUTINES(session, store);

            case SCHEMATA :
                return SCHEMATA(session, store);

            case SEQUENCES :
                return SEQUENCES(session, store);

            case SQL_FEATURES :
                return SQL_FEATURES(session, store);

            case SQL_IMPLEMENTATION_INFO :
                return SQL_IMPLEMENTATION_INFO(session, store);

            case SQL_PACKAGES :
                return SQL_PACKAGES(session, store);

            case SQL_PARTS :
                return SQL_PARTS(session, store);

            case SQL_SIZING :
                return SQL_SIZING(session, store);

            case SQL_SIZING_PROFILES :
                return SQL_SIZING_PROFILES(session, store);

            case TABLE_CONSTRAINTS :
                return TABLE_CONSTRAINTS(session, store);

            case TABLES :
                return TABLES(session, store);

            case TRANSLATIONS :
                return TRANSLATIONS(session, store);

            case TRIGGERED_UPDATE_COLUMNS :
                return TRIGGERED_UPDATE_COLUMNS(session, store);

            case TRIGGER_COLUMN_USAGE :
                return TRIGGER_COLUMN_USAGE(session, store);

            case TRIGGER_ROUTINE_USAGE :
                return TRIGGER_ROUTINE_USAGE(session, store);

            case TRIGGER_SEQUENCE_USAGE :
                return TRIGGER_SEQUENCE_USAGE(session, store);

            case TRIGGER_TABLE_USAGE :
                return TRIGGER_TABLE_USAGE(session, store);

            case TRIGGERS :
                return TRIGGERS(session, store);

            case UDT_PRIVILEGES :
                return UDT_PRIVILEGES(session, store);

            case USAGE_PRIVILEGES :
                return USAGE_PRIVILEGES(session, store);

            case USER_DEFINED_TYPES :
                return USER_DEFINED_TYPES(session, store);

            case VIEW_COLUMN_USAGE :
                return VIEW_COLUMN_USAGE(session, store);

            case VIEW_ROUTINE_USAGE :
                return VIEW_ROUTINE_USAGE(session, store);

            case VIEW_TABLE_USAGE :
                return VIEW_TABLE_USAGE(session, store);

            case VIEWS :
                return VIEWS(session, store);

            default :
                return super.generateTable(session, store, tableIndex);
        }
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * Retrieves a <code>Table</code> object describing the current
     * state of all row caching objects for the accessible
     * tables defined within this database. <p>
     *
     * Currently, the row caching objects for which state is reported are: <p>
     *
     * <OL>
     * <LI> the system-wide <code>Cache</code> object used by CACHED tables.
     * <LI> any <code>TextCache</code> objects in use by [TEMP] TEXT tables.
     * </OL> <p>
     *
     * Each row is a cache object state description with the following
     * columns: <p>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     * CACHE_FILE          CHARACTER_DATA   absolute path of cache data file
     * MAX_CACHE_SIZE      BIGINT   maximum allowable cached Row objects
     * MAX_CACHE_BYTE_SIZE BIGINT   maximum allowable size of cached Row objects
     * CACHE_LENGTH        BIGINT   number of data bytes currently cached
     * CACHE_SIZE          BIGINT   number of rows currently cached
     * FREE_BYTES          BIGINT   total bytes in available file allocation units
     * FREE_COUNT          BIGINT   total # of allocation units available
     * FREE_POS            BIGINT   largest file position allocated + 1
     * </pre> <p>
     *
     * <b>Notes:</b> <p>
     *
     * <code>TextCache</code> objects do not maintain a free list because
     * deleted rows are only marked deleted and never reused. As such, the
     * columns FREE_BYTES, SMALLEST_FREE_ITEM, LARGEST_FREE_ITEM, and
     * FREE_COUNT are always reported as zero for rows reporting on
     * <code>TextCache</code> objects. <p>
     *
     * Currently, CACHE_SIZE, FREE_BYTES, SMALLEST_FREE_ITEM, LARGEST_FREE_ITEM,
     * FREE_COUNT and FREE_POS are the only dynamically changing values.
     * All others are constant for the life of a cache object. In a future
     * release, other column values may also change over the life of a cache
     * object, as SQL syntax may eventually be introduced to allow runtime
     * modification of certain cache properties. <p>
     *
     * @return a description of the current state of all row caching
     *      objects associated with the accessible tables of the database
     */
    Table SYSTEM_CACHEINFO(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[SYSTEM_CACHEINFO];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[SYSTEM_CACHEINFO]);

            addColumn(t, "CACHE_FILE", CHARACTER_DATA);          // not null
            addColumn(t, "MAX_CACHE_COUNT", CARDINAL_NUMBER);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "MAX_CACHE_BYTES", CARDINAL_NUMBER);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "CACHE_SIZE", CARDINAL_NUMBER);         // not null
            addColumn(t, "CACHE_BYTES", CARDINAL_NUMBER);        // not null
            addColumn(t, "FILE_LOST_BYTES", CARDINAL_NUMBER);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "FILE_FREE_POS", CARDINAL_NUMBER);      // not null

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[SYSTEM_CACHEINFO].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[]{ 0 }, true);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int icache_file      = 0;
        final int imax_cache_sz    = 1;
        final int imax_cache_bytes = 2;
        final int icache_size      = 3;
        final int icache_length    = 4;
        final int ilost_bytes      = 5;
        final int ifree_pos        = 6;

        //
        DataFileCache cache = null;
        Object[]      row;
        HashSet       cacheSet;
        Iterator      caches;
        Iterator      tables;
        Table         table;

        // Initialization
        cacheSet = new HashSet();

        // dynamic system tables are never cached
        tables =
            database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(SchemaObject.TABLE);

        while (tables.hasNext()) {
            table = (Table) tables.next();

            PersistentStore currentStore = table.getRowStore(session);

            if (session.getGrantee().isFullyAccessibleByRole(
                    table.getName())) {
                if (currentStore != null) {
                    cache = currentStore.getCache();
                }

                if (cache != null) {
                    cacheSet.add(cache);
                }
            }
        }

        caches = cacheSet.iterator();

        // Do it.
        while (caches.hasNext()) {
            cache = (DataFileCache) caches.next();
            row   = t.getEmptyRowData();
            row[icache_file] = FileUtil.getFileUtil().canonicalOrAbsolutePath(
                cache.getFileName());
            row[imax_cache_sz]    = ValuePool.getLong(cache.capacity());
            row[imax_cache_bytes] = ValuePool.getLong(cache.bytesCapacity());
            row[icache_size] = ValuePool.getLong(cache.getCachedObjectCount());
            row[icache_length] =
                ValuePool.getLong(cache.getTotalCachedBlockSize());
            row[ilost_bytes] = ValuePool.getLong(cache.getLostBlockSize());
            row[ifree_pos]   = ValuePool.getLong(cache.getFileFreePos());

            t.insertSys(session, store, row);
        }

        return t;
    }

    Table SYSTEM_COLUMN_SEQUENCE_USAGE(Session session,
                                       PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[SYSTEM_COLUMN_SEQUENCE_USAGE];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(
                sysTableHsqlNames[SYSTEM_COLUMN_SEQUENCE_USAGE]);

            addColumn(t, "TABLE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    //0
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLUMN_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SEQUENCE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SEQUENCE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SEQUENCE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[SYSTEM_COLUMN_SEQUENCE_USAGE].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        final int table_cat        = 0;
        final int table_schem      = 1;
        final int table_name       = 2;
        final int column_name      = 3;
        final int sequence_catalog = 4;
        final int sequence_schema  = 5;
        final int sequence_name    = 6;

        //
        // intermediate holders
        int            columnCount;
        Iterator       tables;
        Table          table;
        Object[]       row;
        OrderedHashSet columnList;
        NumberSequence sequence;

        // Initialization
        tables = allTables();

        while (tables.hasNext()) {
            table = (Table) tables.next();

            if (!table.hasIdentityColumn()) {
                continue;
            }

            columnList =
                session.getGrantee().getColumnsForAllPrivileges(table);

            if (columnList.isEmpty()) {
                continue;
            }

            columnCount = table.getColumnCount();

            for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++) {
                ColumnSchema column = table.getColumn(i);

                if (!column.isIdentity()) {
                    continue;
                }

                sequence = column.getIdentitySequence();

                if (sequence.getName() == null) {
                    continue;
                }

                if (!columnList.contains(column.getName())) {
                    continue;
                }

                row                   = t.getEmptyRowData();
                row[table_cat]        = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[table_schem]      = table.getSchemaName().name;
                row[table_name]       = table.getName().name;
                row[column_name]      = column.getName().name;
                row[sequence_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[sequence_schema= sequence.getSchemaName().name;
                row[sequence_name]    = sequence.getName().name;

                t.insertSys(session, store, row);
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    Table SYSTEM_COMMENTS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[SYSTEM_COMMENTS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[SYSTEM_COMMENTS]);

            addColumn(t, "OBJECT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "OBJECT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "OBJECT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "OBJECT_TYPE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLUMN_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COMMENT", CHARACTER_DATA);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[SYSTEM_COMMENTS].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int catalog     = 0;
        final int schema      = 1;
        final int name        = 2;
        final int type        = 3;
        final int column_name = 4;
        final int remark      = 5;

        //
        Iterator it;
        Object[] row;

        //
        DITableInfo ti = new DITableInfo();

        it = allTables();

        while (it.hasNext()) {
            Table table = (Table) it.next();

            if (!session.getGrantee().isAccessible(table)) {
                continue;
            }

            ti.setTable(table);

            int colCount = table.getColumnCount();

            for (int i = 0; i < colCount; i++) {
                ColumnSchema column = table.getColumn(i);

                if (column.getName().comment == null) {
                    continue;
                }

                row              = t.getEmptyRowData();
                row[catalog]     = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[schema]      = table.getSchemaName().name;
                row[name]        = table.getName().name;
                row[type]        = "COLUMN";
                row[column_name] = column.getName().name;
                row[remark]      = column.getName().comment;

                t.insertSys(session, store, row);
            }

            if (table.getTableType() != Table.INFO_SCHEMA_TABLE
                    && table.getName().comment == null) {
                continue;
            }

            row          = t.getEmptyRowData();
            row[catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
            row[schema= table.getSchemaName().name;
            row[name]    = table.getName().name;
            row[type] =
                table.isView()
                || table.getTableType() == Table.INFO_SCHEMA_TABLE ? "VIEW"
                                                                   : "TABLE";
            row[column_name] = null;
            row[remark]      = ti.getRemark();

            t.insertSys(session, store, row);
        }

        it = database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(
            SchemaObject.ROUTINE);

        while (it.hasNext()) {
            SchemaObject object = (SchemaObject) it.next();

            if (!session.getGrantee().isAccessible(object)) {
                continue;
            }

            if (object.getName().comment == null) {
                continue;
            }

            row              = t.getEmptyRowData();
            row[catalog]     = database.getCatalogName().name;
            row[schema]      = object.getSchemaName().name;
            row[name]        = object.getName().name;
            row[type]        = "ROUTINE";
            row[column_name] = null;
            row[remark]      = object.getName().comment;

            t.insertSys(session, store, row);
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves a <code>Table</code> object describing the capabilities
     * and operating parameter properties for the engine hosting this
     * database, as well as their applicability in terms of scope and
     * name space. <p>
     *
     * Reported properties include certain predefined <code>Database</code>
     * properties file values as well as certain database scope
     * attributes. <p>
     *
     * It is intended that all <code>Database</code> attributes and
     * properties that can be set via the database properties file,
     * JDBC connection properties or SQL SET/ALTER statements will
     * eventually be reported here or, where more applicable, in an
     * ANSI/ISO conforming feature info base table in the defintion
     * schema. <p>
     *
     * Currently, the database properties reported are: <p>
     *
     * <OL>
     *     <LI>hsqldb.cache_file_scale - the scaling factor used to translate data and index structure file pointers
     *     <LI>hsqldb.cache_scale - base-2 exponent scaling allowable cache row count
     *     <LI>hsqldb.cache_size_scale - base-2 exponent scaling allowable cache byte count
     *     <LI>hsqldb.cache_version -
     *     <LI>hsqldb.catalogs - whether to report the database catalog (database uri)
     *     <LI>hsqldb.compatible_version -
     *     <LI>hsqldb.files_readonly - whether the database is in files_readonly mode
     *     <LI>hsqldb.gc_interval - # new records forcing gc ({0|NULL}=>never)
     *     <LI>hsqldb.max_nio_scale - scale factor for cache nio mapped buffers
     *     <LI>hsqldb.nio_data_file - whether cache uses nio mapped buffers
     *     <LI>hsqldb.original_version -
     *     <LI>sql.enforce_strict_size - column length specifications enforced strictly (raise exception on overflow)?
     *     <LI>textdb.all_quoted - default policy regarding whether to quote all character field values
     *     <LI>textdb.cache_scale - base-2 exponent scaling allowable cache row count
     *     <LI>textdb.cache_size_scale - base-2 exponent scaling allowable cache byte count
     *     <LI>textdb.encoding - default TEXT table file encoding
     *     <LI>textdb.fs - default field separator
     *     <LI>textdb.vs - default varchar field separator
     *     <LI>textdb.lvs - default long varchar field separator
     *     <LI>textdb.ignore_first - default policy regarding whether to ignore the first line
     *     <LI>textdb.quoted - default policy regarding treatement character field values that _may_ require quoting
     *     <LI>IGNORECASE - create table VARCHAR_IGNORECASE?
     *     <LI>LOGSIZSE - # bytes to which REDO log grows before auto-checkpoint
     *     <LI>REFERENTIAL_INTEGITY - currently enforcing referential integrity?
     *     <LI>SCRIPTFORMAT - 0 : TEXT, 1 : BINARY, ...
     *     <LI>WRITEDELAY - does REDO log currently use buffered write strategy?
     * </OL> <p>
     *
     * @return table describing database and session operating parameters
     *      and capabilities
     */
    Table SYSTEM_PROPERTIES(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[SYSTEM_PROPERTIES];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[SYSTEM_PROPERTIES]);

            addColumn(t, "PROPERTY_SCOPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "PROPERTY_NAMESPACE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "PROPERTY_NAME", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "PROPERTY_VALUE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "PROPERTY_CLASS", CHARACTER_DATA);

            // order PROPERTY_SCOPE, PROPERTY_NAMESPACE, PROPERTY_NAME
            // true PK
            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[SYSTEM_PROPERTIES].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2
            }, true);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int iscope = 0;
        final int ins    = 1;
        final int iname  = 2;
        final int ivalue = 3;
        final int iclass = 4;

        //
        // calculated column values
        String scope;
        String nameSpace;

        // intermediate holders
        Object[]               row;
        HsqlDatabaseProperties props;

        // First, we want the names and values for
        // all JDBC capabilities constants
        scope     = "SESSION";
        props     = database.getProperties();
        nameSpace = "database.properties";

        // boolean properties
        Iterator it = props.getUserDefinedPropertyData().iterator();

        while (it.hasNext()) {
            Object[] metaData = (Object[]) it.next();

            row         = t.getEmptyRowData();
            row[iscope] = scope;
            row[ins]    = nameSpace;
            row[iname= metaData[HsqlProperties.indexName];
            row[ivalue] =
                database.logger.getValueStringForProperty((String) row[iname]);

            if (row[ivalue] == null) {
                row[ivalue] = props.getPropertyString((String) row[iname]);
            }

            row[iclass] = metaData[HsqlProperties.indexClass];

            t.insertSys(session, store, row);
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves a <code>Table</code> object describing attributes
     * for the calling session context.<p>
     *
     * The rows report the following {key,value} pairs:<p>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     * KEY (VARCHAR)       VALUE (VARCHAR)
     * ------------------- ---------------
     * AUTOCOMMIT          TRUE / FALSE (session is in autocommit mode or not)
     * CURRENT SCHEMA      the name of current schema
     * CURRENT STATEMENT   current SQL statement
     * DATABASE            the name of the database
     * DATABASE READONLY   TRUE / FALSE (database is in read-only mode or not)
     * IDENTITY            the last identity value used by calling session
     * IGNORECASE          IGNORECASE property for new VARCHAR columns
     * ISOLATION_LEVEL     transaction isolation level of session
     * SESSION_ID          the id of the calling session
     * SESSION READONLY    TRUE / FALSE (session is in read-only mode or not)
     * USER                the name of user connected in the calling session
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Note:</b>  This table <em>may</em> become deprecated in a future
     * release, as the information it reports now duplicates information
     * reported in the newer SYSTEM_SESSIONS and SYSTEM_PROPERTIES
     * tables. <p>
     *
     * @return a <code>Table</code> object describing the
     *        attributes of the connection associated
     *        with the current execution context
     */
    Table SYSTEM_SESSIONINFO(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[SYSTEM_SESSIONINFO];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[SYSTEM_SESSIONINFO]);

            addColumn(t, "KEY", CHARACTER_DATA);      // not null
            addColumn(t, "VALUE", CHARACTER_DATA);    // not null

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[SYSTEM_SESSIONINFO].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[]{ 0 }, true);

            return t;
        }

        Object[] row;

        row    = t.getEmptyRowData();
        row[0] = "SESSION ID";
        row[1] = String.valueOf(session.getId());

        t.insertSys(session, store, row);

        row    = t.getEmptyRowData();
        row[0] = "AUTOCOMMIT";
        row[1] = session.isAutoCommit() ? Tokens.T_TRUE
                                        : Tokens.T_FALSE;

        t.insertSys(session, store, row);

        row    = t.getEmptyRowData();
        row[0] = "USER";
        row[1] = session.getUsername();

        t.insertSys(session, store, row);

        row    = t.getEmptyRowData();
        row[0] = "SESSION READONLY";
        row[1] = session.isReadOnlyDefault() ? Tokens.T_TRUE
                                             : Tokens.T_FALSE;

        t.insertSys(session, store, row);

        row    = t.getEmptyRowData();
        row[0] = "DATABASE READONLY";
        row[1] = database.isReadOnly() ? Tokens.T_TRUE
                                       : Tokens.T_FALSE;

        t.insertSys(session, store, row);

        row    = t.getEmptyRowData();
        row[0] = "DATABASE";
        row[1] = database.getURI();

        t.insertSys(session, store, row);

        row    = t.getEmptyRowData();
        row[0] = "IDENTITY";
        row[1] = String.valueOf(session.getLastIdentity());

        t.insertSys(session, store, row);

        row    = t.getEmptyRowData();
        row[0] = "CURRENT SCHEMA";
        row[1] = String.valueOf(session.getSchemaName(null));

        t.insertSys(session, store, row);

        row    = t.getEmptyRowData();
        row[0] = "ISOLATION LEVEL";
        row[1] = String.valueOf(session.getIsolation());

        t.insertSys(session, store, row);

        row    = t.getEmptyRowData();
        row[0] = "IGNORECASE";
        row[1] = session.isIgnorecase() ? Tokens.T_TRUE
                                        : Tokens.T_FALSE;

        t.insertSys(session, store, row);

        row    = t.getEmptyRowData();
        row[0] = "CURRENT STATEMENT";
        row[1] = "";

        Statement st = session.sessionContext.currentStatement;

        if (st != null) {
            row[1] = st.getSQL();
        }

        t.insertSys(session, store, row);

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves a <code>Table</code> object describing all visible
     * sessions. ADMIN users see *all* sessions
     * while non-admin users see only their own session.<p>
     *
     * Each row is a session state description with the following columns: <p>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     * SESSION_ID         BIGINT    session identifier
     * CONNECTED          TIMESTAMP time at which session was created
     * USER_NAME          VARCHAR   db user name of current session user
     * IS_ADMIN           BOOLEAN   is session user an admin user?
     * AUTOCOMMIT         BOOLEAN   is session in autocommit mode?
     * READONLY           BOOLEAN   is session in read-only mode?
     * LAST_IDENTITY      BIGINT    last identity value used by this session
     * SCHEMA             VARCHAR   current schema for session
     * TRANSACTION        BOOLEAN   is session in a transaction
     * TRANSACTION_SIZE   BIGINT    # of undo items in current transaction
     * WAITING_FOR_THIS   VARCHAR   comma separated list of sessions waiting for this one
     * THIS_WAITING_FOR   VARCHAR   comma separated list of sessions this session is waiting for
     * CURRENT_STATEMENT  VARCHAR   SQL statement currently running
     * LATCH_COUNT        BIGINT    latch count for session
     * </pre> <p>
     *
     * @return a <code>Table</code> object describing all visible
     *      sessions
     */
    Table SYSTEM_SESSIONS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[SYSTEM_SESSIONS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[SYSTEM_SESSIONS]);

            addColumn(t, "SESSION_ID", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "CONNECTED", TIME_STAMP);
            addColumn(t, "USER_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "IS_ADMIN", Type.SQL_BOOLEAN);
            addColumn(t, "AUTOCOMMIT", Type.SQL_BOOLEAN);
            addColumn(t, "READONLY", Type.SQL_BOOLEAN);

            // Note: some sessions may have a NULL LAST_IDENTITY value
            addColumn(t, "LAST_IDENTITY", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TRANSACTION", Type.SQL_BOOLEAN);
            addColumn(t, "TRANSACTION_SIZE", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "WAITING_FOR_THIS", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "THIS_WAITING_FOR", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "CURRENT_STATEMENT", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "LATCH_COUNT", CARDINAL_NUMBER);

            // order:  SESSION_ID
            // true primary key
            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[SYSTEM_SESSIONS].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[]{ 0 }, true);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int isid           = 0;
        final int ict            = 1;
        final int iuname         = 2;
        final int iis_admin      = 3;
        final int iautocmt       = 4;
        final int ireadonly      = 5;
        final int ilast_id       = 6;
        final int it_schema      = 7;
        final int it_tx          = 8;
        final int it_size        = 9;
        final int it_waiting     = 10;
        final int it_waited      = 11;
        final int it_statement   = 12;
        final int it_latch_count = 13;

        //
        // intermediate holders
        Session[] sessions;
        Session   s;
        Object[]  row;

        // Initialisation
        sessions = database.sessionManager.getVisibleSessions(session);

        // Do it.
        for (int i = 0; i < sessions.length; i++) {
            if (sessions[i].isClosed()) {
                continue;
            }

            s              = sessions[i];
            row            = t.getEmptyRowData();
            row[isid]      = ValuePool.getLong(s.getId());
            row[ict]       = new TimestampData(s.getConnectTime() / 1000);
            row[iuname]    = s.getUsername();
            row[iis_admin] = s.isAdmin() ? Boolean.TRUE
                                         : Boolean.FALSE;
            row[iautocmt= s.sessionContext.isAutoCommit;
            row[ireadonly] = s.isReadOnlyDefault;

            Number lastId = s.getLastIdentity();

            if (lastId != null) {
                row[ilast_id] = ValuePool.getLong(lastId.longValue());
            }

            row[it_tx]   = s.isInMidTransaction() ? Boolean.TRUE
                                                  : Boolean.FALSE;
            row[it_size] = ValuePool.getLong(s.getTransactionSize());

            HsqlName name = s.getCurrentSchemaHsqlName();

            if (name != null) {
                row[it_schema] = name.name;
            }

            row[it_waiting] = "";
            row[it_waited= "";

            if (s.waitingSessions.size() > 0) {
                StringBuffer sb    = new StringBuffer();
                Session[]    array = new Session[s.waitingSessions.size()];

                s.waitingSessions.toArray(array);

                for (int j = 0; j < array.length; j++) {
                    if (j > 0) {
                        sb.append(',');
                    }

                    sb.append(array[j].getId());
                }

                row[it_waiting] = sb.toString();
            }

            if (s.waitedSessions.size() > 0) {
                StringBuffer sb    = new StringBuffer();
                Session[]    array = new Session[s.waitedSessions.size()];

                s.waitedSessions.toArray(array);

                for (int j = 0; j < array.length; j++) {
                    if (j > 0) {
                        sb.append(',');
                    }

                    sb.append(array[j].getId());
                }

                row[it_waited] = sb.toString();
            }

            Statement st = s.sessionContext.currentStatement;

            row[it_statement]   = st == null ? ""
                                             : st.getSQL();
            row[it_latch_count] = new Long(s.latch.getCount());

            t.insertSys(session, store, row);
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves a <code>Table</code> object describing the TEXT TABLE objects
     * defined within this database. The table contains one row for each row
     * in the SYSTEM_TABLES table with a HSQLDB_TYPE of  TEXT . <p>
     *
     * Each row is a description of the attributes that defines its TEXT TABLE,
     * with the following columns:
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     * TABLE_CAT                 VARCHAR   table's catalog name
     * TABLE_SCHEM               VARCHAR   table's simple schema name
     * TABLE_NAME                VARCHAR   table's simple name
     * DATA_SOURCE_DEFINITION    VARCHAR   the "spec" proption of the table's
     *                                     SET TABLE ... SOURCE DDL declaration
     * FILE_PATH                 VARCHAR   absolute file path.
     * FILE_ENCODING             VARCHAR   endcoding of table's text file
     * FIELD_SEPARATOR           VARCHAR   default field separator
     * VARCHAR_SEPARATOR         VARCAHR   varchar field separator
     * LONGVARCHAR_SEPARATOR     VARCHAR   longvarchar field separator
     * IS_IGNORE_FIRST           BOOLEAN   ignores first line of file?
     * IS_QUOTED                 BOOLEAN   fields are quoted if necessary?
     * IS_ALL_QUOTED             BOOLEAN   all fields are quoted?
     * IS_DESC                   BOOLEAN   read rows starting at end of file?
     * </pre> <p>
     *
     * @return a <code>Table</code> object describing the text attributes
     * of the accessible text tables defined within this database
     *
     */
    Table SYSTEM_TEXTTABLES(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[SYSTEM_TEXTTABLES];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[SYSTEM_TEXTTABLES]);

            addColumn(t, "TABLE_CAT", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_SCHEM", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "DATA_SOURCE_DEFINTION", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "FILE_PATH", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "FILE_ENCODING", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "FIELD_SEPARATOR", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "VARCHAR_SEPARATOR", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "LONGVARCHAR_SEPARATOR", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "IS_IGNORE_FIRST", Type.SQL_BOOLEAN);
            addColumn(t, "IS_ALL_QUOTED", Type.SQL_BOOLEAN);
            addColumn(t, "IS_QUOTED", Type.SQL_BOOLEAN);
            addColumn(t, "IS_DESC", Type.SQL_BOOLEAN);

            // ------------------------------------------------------------
            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[SYSTEM_TEXTTABLES].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2,
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int itable_cat   = 0;
        final int itable_schem = 1;
        final int itable_name  = 2;
        final int idsd         = 3;
        final int ifile_path   = 4;
        final int ifile_enc    = 5;
        final int ifs          = 6;
        final int ivfs         = 7;
        final int ilvfs        = 8;
        final int iif          = 9;
        final int iiq          = 10;
        final int iiaq         = 11;
        final int iid          = 12;

        //
        // intermediate holders
        Iterator tables;
        Table    table;
        Object[] row;

        // Initialization
        tables =
            database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(SchemaObject.TABLE);

        // Do it.
        while (tables.hasNext()) {
            table = (Table) tables.next();

            PersistentStore currentStore = table.getRowStore(session);

            if (!table.isText() || !isAccessibleTable(session, table)) {
                continue;
            }

            row               = t.getEmptyRowData();
            row[itable_cat]   = database.getCatalogName().name;
            row[itable_schem] = table.getSchemaName().name;
            row[itable_name= table.getName().name;
            row[idsd]         = ((TextTable) table).getDataSource();

            TextCache cache = (TextCache) currentStore.getCache();

            if (cache != null) {
                TextFileSettings textFileSettings =
                    cache.getTextFileSettings();

                row[ifile_path] =
                    FileUtil.getFileUtil().canonicalOrAbsolutePath(
                        cache.getFileName());
                row[ifile_enc] = textFileSettings.stringEncoding;
                row[ifs]       = textFileSettings.fs;
                row[ivfs]      = textFileSettings.vs;
                row[ilvfs]     = textFileSettings.lvs;
                row[iif]       = textFileSettings.ignoreFirst ? Boolean.TRUE
                                                              : Boolean.FALSE;
                row[iiq]       = textFileSettings.isQuoted ? Boolean.TRUE
                                                           : Boolean.FALSE;
                row[iiaq]      = textFileSettings.isAllQuoted ? Boolean.TRUE
                                                              : Boolean.FALSE;
                row[iid] = ((TextTable) table).isDescDataSource()
                           ? Boolean.TRUE
                           : Boolean.FALSE;
            }

            t.insertSys(session, store, row);
        }

        return t;
    }

    Table SYSTEM_TABLESTATS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[SYSTEM_TABLESTATS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[SYSTEM_TABLESTATS]);

            addColumn(t, "TABLE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CARDINALITY", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "SPACE_ID", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "ALLOCATED_SPACE", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "USED_SPACE", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "USED_MEMORY", CARDINAL_NUMBER);

            //
            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[SYSTEM_TABLESTATS].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2,
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // intermediate holders
        Iterator  tables;
        Table     table;
        Object[]  row;
        final int table_catalog = 0;
        final int table_schema  = 1;
        final int table_name    = 2;
        final int cardinality   = 3;
        final int space_id      = 4;
        final int alloc_space   = 5;
        final int used_space    = 6;
        final int used_memory   = 7;

        // Initialization
        tables = allTables();

        // Do it.
        while (tables.hasNext()) {
            table = (Table) tables.next();

            if (!isAccessibleTable(session, table)) {
                continue;
            }

            row                = t.getEmptyRowData();
            row[table_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
            row[table_schema= table.getSchemaName().name;
            row[table_name]    = table.getName().name;

            switch (table.getTableType()) {

                case TableBase.INFO_SCHEMA_TABLE :
                case TableBase.VIEW_TABLE :
                case TableBase.TEMP_TABLE :
                case TableBase.TEMP_TEXT_TABLE :
                    continue;
                default :
                    break;
            }

            PersistentStore tableStore = table.getRowStore(session);

            row[cardinality] = Long.valueOf(tableStore.elementCount());

            if (table.isCached()) {
                row[space_id]    = Long.valueOf(table.getSpaceID());
                row[used_space= null;
                row[used_memory] = null;
            }

            t.insertSys(session, store, row);
        }

        return t;
    }

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// SQL SCHEMATA VIEWS

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * ADMINISTRABLE_ROLE_AUTHORIZATIONS<p>
     *
     * Returns roles that are grantable by an admin user, which means all the
     * roles.
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table ADMINISTRABLE_ROLE_AUTHORIZATIONS(Session session,
            PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[ADMINISTRABLE_ROLE_AUTHORIZATIONS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(
                sysTableHsqlNames[ADMINISTRABLE_ROLE_AUTHORIZATIONS]);

            addColumn(t, "GRANTEE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ROLE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "IS_GRANTABLE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[ADMINISTRABLE_ROLE_AUTHORIZATIONS].name,
                false, SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        if (session.isAdmin()) {
            insertRoles(session, t, session.getGrantee(), true);
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * APPLICABLE_ROLES<p>
     *
     * Identifies the applicable roles for the current user.<p>
     *
     * <b>Definition</b><p>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     * CREATE RECURSIVE VIEW APPLICABLE_ROLES ( GRANTEE, ROLE_NAME, IS_GRANTABLE ) AS
     *      ( ( SELECT GRANTEE, ROLE_NAME, IS_GRANTABLE
     *            FROM DEFINITION_SCHEMA.ROLE_AUTHORIZATION_DESCRIPTORS
     *           WHERE ( GRANTEE IN ( CURRENT_USER, 'PUBLIC' )
     *                OR GRANTEE IN ( SELECT ROLE_NAME
     *                                  FROM ENABLED_ROLES ) ) )
     *      UNION
     *      ( SELECT RAD.GRANTEE, RAD.ROLE_NAME, RAD.IS_GRANTABLE
     *          FROM DEFINITION_SCHEMA.ROLE_AUTHORIZATION_DESCRIPTORS RAD
     *          JOIN APPLICABLE_ROLES R
     *            ON RAD.GRANTEE = R.ROLE_NAME ) );
     *
     * GRANT SELECT ON TABLE APPLICABLE_ROLES
     *    TO PUBLIC WITH GRANT OPTION;
     * </pre>
     */
    Table APPLICABLE_ROLES(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[APPLICABLE_ROLES];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[APPLICABLE_ROLES]);

            addColumn(t, "GRANTEE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ROLE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "IS_GRANTABLE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[APPLICABLE_ROLES].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        insertRoles(session, t, session.getGrantee(), session.isAdmin());

        return t;
    }

    private void insertRoles(Session session, Table t, Grantee role,
                             boolean isGrantable) {

        final int       grantee      = 0;
        final int       role_name    = 1;
        final int       is_grantable = 2;
        PersistentStore store        = t.getRowStore(session);

        if (isGrantable) {
            Set      roles = database.getGranteeManager().getRoleNames();
            Iterator it    = roles.iterator();

            while (it.hasNext()) {
                String   roleName = (String) it.next();
                Object[] row      = t.getEmptyRowData();

                row[grantee]      = role.getName().getNameString();
                row[role_name]    = roleName;
                row[is_grantable] = Tokens.T_YES;

                t.insertSys(session, store, row);
            }
        } else {
            OrderedHashSet roles = role.getDirectRoles();

            for (int i = 0; i < roles.size(); i++) {
                Grantee  currentRole = (Grantee) roles.get(i);
                String   roleName    = currentRole.getName().getNameString();
                Object[] row         = t.getEmptyRowData();

                row[grantee]      = role.getName().getNameString();
                row[role_name]    = roleName;
                row[is_grantable] = Tokens.T_NO;

                t.insertSys(session, store, row);

                role = database.getGranteeManager().getRole(roleName);

                insertRoles(session, t, role, isGrantable);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The ASSERTIONS view is empty.<p>
     *
     */
    Table ASSERTIONS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[ASSERTIONS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[ASSERTIONS]);

            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "IS_DEFERRABLE", YES_OR_NO);
            addColumn(t, "INITIALLY_DEFERRED", YES_OR_NO);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[ASSERTIONS].name, false, SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        final int constraint_catalog = 0;
        final int constraint_schema  = 1;
        final int constraint_name    = 2;
        final int is_deferrable      = 3;
        final int initially_deferred = 4;

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     *  SYSTEM_AUTHORIZATIONS<p>
     *
     *  The AUTHORIZATIONS table has one row for each &lt;role name&gt; and
     *  one row for each &lt;authorization identifier &gt; referenced in the
     *  Information Schema. These are the &lt;role name&gt;s and
     *  &lt;authorization identifier&gt;s that may grant privileges as well as
     *  those that may create a schema, or currently own a schema created
     *  through a &lt;schema definition&gt;. <p>
     *
     *  <b>Definition</b><p>
     *
     *  <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     *  CREATE TABLE AUTHORIZATIONS (
     *       AUTHORIZATION_NAME INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SQL_IDENTIFIER,
     *       AUTHORIZATION_TYPE INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CHARACTER_DATA
     *           CONSTRAINT AUTHORIZATIONS_AUTHORIZATION_TYPE_NOT_NULL
     *               NOT NULL
     *           CONSTRAINT AUTHORIZATIONS_AUTHORIZATION_TYPE_CHECK
     *               CHECK ( AUTHORIZATION_TYPE IN ( 'USER', 'ROLE' ) ),
     *           CONSTRAINT AUTHORIZATIONS_PRIMARY_KEY
     *               PRIMARY KEY (AUTHORIZATION_NAME)
     *       )
     *  </pre>
     *
     *  <b>Description</b><p>
     *
     *  <ol>
     <li> The values of AUTHORIZATION_TYPE have the following meanings:<p>
     *
     *  <table border cellpadding="3">
     *       <tr>
     *           <td nowrap>USER</td>
     *           <td nowrap>The value of AUTHORIZATION_NAME is a known
     *                      &lt;user identifier&gt;.</td>
     *       <tr>
     *       <tr>
     *           <td nowrap>NO</td>
     *           <td nowrap>The value of AUTHORIZATION_NAME is a &lt;role
     *                      name&gt; defined by a &lt;role definition&gt;.</td>
     *       <tr>
     </table> <p>
     </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table AUTHORIZATIONS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[AUTHORIZATIONS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[AUTHORIZATIONS]);

            addColumn(t, "AUTHORIZATION_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "AUTHORIZATION_TYPE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null

            // true PK
            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[AUTHORIZATIONS].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[]{ 0 }, true);

            return t;
        }

        // Intermediate holders
        Iterator grantees;
        Grantee  grantee;
        Object[] row;

        // initialization
        grantees = session.getGrantee().visibleGrantees().iterator();

        // Do it.
        while (grantees.hasNext()) {
            grantee = (Grantee) grantees.next();
            row     = t.getEmptyRowData();
            row[0= grantee.getName().getNameString();
            row[1= grantee.isRole() ? "ROLE"
                                       : "USER";

            t.insertSys(session, store, row);
        }

        return t;
    }

    Table CHARACTER_SETS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[CHARACTER_SETS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[CHARACTER_SETS]);

            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_SET_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_REPERTOIRE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "FORM_OF_USE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DEFAULT_COLLATE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DEFAULT_COLLATE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DEFAULT_COLLATE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[CHARACTER_SETS].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        final int character_set_catalog   = 0;
        final int character_set_schema    = 1;
        final int character_set_name      = 2;
        final int character_repertoire    = 3;
        final int form_of_use             = 4;
        final int default_collate_catalog = 5;
        final int default_collate_schema  = 6;
        final int default_collate_name    = 7;

        //
        Iterator it = database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(
            SchemaObject.CHARSET);

        while (it.hasNext()) {
            Charset charset = (Charset) it.next();

            if (!session.getGrantee().isAccessible(charset)) {
                continue;
            }

            Object[] data = t.getEmptyRowData();

            data[character_set_catalog]   = database.getCatalogName().name;
            data[character_set_schema]    = charset.getSchemaName().name;
            data[character_set_name]      = charset.getName().name;
            data[character_repertoire]    = "UCS";
            data[form_of_use]             = "UTF16";
            data[default_collate_catalog] = data[character_set_catalog];

            if (charset.base == null) {
                data[default_collate_schema] = data[character_set_schema];
                data[default_collate_name]   = data[character_set_name];
            } else {
                data[default_collate_schema] = charset.base.schema.name;
                data[default_collate_name]   = charset.base.name;
            }

            t.insertSys(session, store, data);
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The CHECK_CONSTRAINT_ROUTINE_USAGE view has one row for each
     * SQL-invoked routine identified as the subject routine of either a
     * &lt;routine invocation&gt;, a &lt;method reference&gt;, a
     * &lt;method invocation&gt;, or a &lt;static method invocation&gt;
     * contained in an &lt;assertion definition&gt;, a &lt;domain
     * constraint&gt;, or a &lt;table constraint definition&gt;. <p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b> <p>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     * CREATE TABLE SYSTEM_CHECK_ROUTINE_USAGE (
     *      CONSTRAINT_CATALOG      VARCHAR NULL,
     *      CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA       VARCHAR NULL,
     *      CONSTRAINT_NAME         VARCHAR NOT NULL,
     *      SPECIFIC_CATALOG        VARCHAR NULL,
     *      SPECIFIC_SCHEMA         VARCHAR NULL,
     *      SPECIFIC_NAME           VARCHAR NOT NULL,
     *      UNIQUE( CONSTRAINT_CATALOG, CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA, CONSTRAINT_NAME,
     *              SPECIFIC_CATALOG, SPECIFIC_SCHEMA, SPECIFIC_NAME )
     * )
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b> <p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The CHECK_ROUTINE_USAGE table has one row for each
     *      SQL-invoked routine R identified as the subject routine of either a
     *      &lt;routine invocation&gt;, a &lt;method reference&gt;, a &lt;method
     *      invocation&gt;, or a &lt;static method invocation&gt; contained in
     *      an &lt;assertion definition&gt; or in the &lt;check constraint
     *      definition&gt; contained in either a &lt;domain constraint&gt; or a
     *      &lt;table constraint definition&gt;. <p>
     *
     * <li> The values of CONSTRAINT_CATALOG, CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA, and
     *      CONSTRAINT_NAME are the catalog name, schema name, and
     *      identifier, respectively, of the assertion or check
     *      constraint being described. <p>
     *
     * <li> The values of SPECIFIC_CATALOG, SPECIFIC_SCHEMA, and SPECIFIC_NAME
     *      are the catalog name, schema name, and qualified
     *      identifier, respectively, of the specific name of R. <p>
     *
     * <1i> Routines are reported only if the user or one of its roles is
     *      the authorization (owner) of the routine.
     *
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table CHECK_CONSTRAINT_ROUTINE_USAGE(Session session,
                                         PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[CHECK_CONSTRAINT_ROUTINE_USAGE];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(
                sysTableHsqlNames[CHECK_CONSTRAINT_ROUTINE_USAGE]);

            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);      // not null

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[CHECK_CONSTRAINT_ROUTINE_USAGE].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int constraint_catalog = 0;
        final int constraint_schema  = 1;
        final int constraint_name    = 2;
        final int specific_catalog   = 3;
        final int specific_schema    = 4;
        final int specific_name      = 5;

        //
        // Intermediate holders
        Iterator       constraints;
        Constraint     constraint;
        OrderedHashSet references;
        Object[]       row;

        constraints = database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(
            SchemaObject.CONSTRAINT);

        while (constraints.hasNext()) {
            HsqlName constraintName = (HsqlName) constraints.next();

            if (constraintName.parent == null) {
                continue;
            }

            switch (constraintName.parent.type) {

                case SchemaObject.TABLE : {
                    Table table;

                    try {
                        table = (Table) database.schemaManager.getSchemaObject(
                            constraintName.parent.name,
                            constraintName.parent.schema.name,
                            SchemaObject.TABLE);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        continue;
                    }

                    constraint = table.getConstraint(constraintName.name);

                    if (constraint.getConstraintType()
                            != SchemaObject.ConstraintTypes.CHECK) {
                        continue;
                    }

                    break;
                }
                case SchemaObject.DOMAIN : {
                    Type domain;

                    try {
                        domain = (Type) database.schemaManager.getSchemaObject(
                            constraintName.parent.name,
                            constraintName.parent.schema.name,
                            SchemaObject.DOMAIN);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        continue;
                    }

                    constraint = domain.userTypeModifier.getConstraint(
                        constraintName.name);
                }
                default :
                    continue;
            }

            references = constraint.getReferences();

            for (int i = 0; i < references.size(); i++) {
                HsqlName name = (HsqlName) references.get(i);

                if (name.type != SchemaObject.SPECIFIC_ROUTINE) {
                    continue;
                }

                if (!session.getGrantee().isFullyAccessibleByRole(name)) {
                    continue;
                }

                row                     = t.getEmptyRowData();
                row[constraint_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[constraint_schema= constraint.getSchemaName().name;
                row[constraint_name]    = constraint.getName().name;
                row[specific_catalog]   = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[specific_schema]    = name.schema.name;
                row[specific_name]      = name.name;

                t.insertSys(session, store, row);
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The CHECK_CONSTRAINTS view has one row for each domain
     * constraint, table check constraint, and assertion. <p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b><p>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     *      CONSTRAINT_CATALOG  VARCHAR NULL,
     *      CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA   VARCHAR NULL,
     *      CONSTRAINT_NAME     VARCHAR NOT NULL,
     *      CHECK_CLAUSE        VARCHAR NOT NULL,
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b><p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> A constraint is shown in this view if the authorization for the
     *      schema that contains the constraint is the current user or is a role
     *      assigned to the current user. <p>
     *
     * <li> The values of CONSTRAINT_CATALOG, CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA and
     *      CONSTRAINT_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *      and identifier, respectively, of the constraint being
     *      described. <p>
     *
     * <li> the value of CHECK_CLAUSE is that character representation of
     *      the search condition contained in the check constraint.
     *
     * <1i> Constraints are reported only if the user or one of its roles is
     *      the authorization (owner) of the table.
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table CHECK_CONSTRAINTS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[CHECK_CONSTRAINTS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[CHECK_CONSTRAINTS]);

            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "CHECK_CLAUSE", CHARACTER_DATA);       // not null

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[CHECK_CONSTRAINTS].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                2, 1, 0
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int constraint_catalog = 0;
        final int constraint_schema  = 1;
        final int constraint_name    = 2;
        final int check_clause       = 3;

        //
        // calculated column values
        // Intermediate holders
        Iterator     tables;
        Table        table;
        Constraint[] tableConstraints;
        int          constraintCount;
        Constraint   constraint;
        Object[]     row;

        //
        tables =
            database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(SchemaObject.TABLE);

        while (tables.hasNext()) {
            table = (Table) tables.next();

            if (table.isView()
                    || !session.getGrantee().isFullyAccessibleByRole(
                        table.getName())) {
                continue;
            }

            tableConstraints = table.getConstraints();
            constraintCount  = tableConstraints.length;

            for (int i = 0; i < constraintCount; i++) {
                constraint = tableConstraints[i];

                if (constraint.getConstraintType()
                        != SchemaObject.ConstraintTypes.CHECK) {
                    continue;
                }

                row                     = t.getEmptyRowData();
                row[constraint_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[constraint_schema= table.getSchemaName().name;
                row[constraint_name]    = constraint.getName().name;

                try {
                    row[check_clause] = constraint.getCheckSQL();
                } catch (Exception e) {}

                t.insertSys(session, store, row);
            }
        }

        Iterator it =
            database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(SchemaObject.DOMAIN);

        while (it.hasNext()) {
            Type domain = (Type) it.next();

            if (!domain.isDomainType()) {
                continue;
            }

            if (!session.getGrantee().isFullyAccessibleByRole(
                    domain.getName())) {
                continue;
            }

            tableConstraints = domain.userTypeModifier.getConstraints();
            constraintCount  = tableConstraints.length;

            for (int i = 0; i < constraintCount; i++) {
                constraint              = tableConstraints[i];
                row                     = t.getEmptyRowData();
                row[constraint_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[constraint_schema= domain.getSchemaName().name;
                row[constraint_name]    = constraint.getName().name;

                try {
                    row[check_clause] = constraint.getCheckSQL();
                } catch (Exception e) {}

                t.insertSys(session, store, row);
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * COLLATIONS<p>
     *
     * The COLLATIONS view has one row for each character collation
     * descriptor. <p>
     *
     * <b>Definition</b>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     * CREATE TABLE COLLATIONS (
     *      COLLATION_CATALOG INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SQL_IDENTIFIER,
     *      COLLATION_SCHEMA INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SQL_IDENTIFIER,
     *      COLLATION_NAME INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SQL_IDENTIFIER,
     *      PAD_ATTRIBUTE INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CHARACTER_DATA
     *          CONSTRAINT COLLATIONS_PAD_ATTRIBUTE_CHECK
     *              CHECK ( PAD_ATTRIBUTE IN
     *                  ( 'NO PAD', 'PAD SPACE' ) )
     * )
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description</b><p>
     *
     * <ol>
     *      <li>The values of COLLATION_CATALOG, COLLATION_SCHEMA, and
     *          COLLATION_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *          and identifier, respectively, of the collation being
     *          described.<p>
     *
     *      <li>The values of PAD_ATTRIBUTE have the following meanings:<p>
     *
     *      <table border cellpadding="3">
     *          <tr>
     *              <td nowrap>NO PAD</td>
     *              <td nowrap>The collation being described has the NO PAD
     *                  characteristic.</td>
     *          <tr>
     *          <tr>
     *              <td nowrap>PAD</td>
     *              <td nowrap>The collation being described has the PAD SPACE
     *                         characteristic.</td>
     *          <tr>
     *      </table> <p>
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table COLLATIONS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[COLLATIONS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[COLLATIONS]);

            addColumn(t, "COLLATION_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLLATION_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "COLLATION_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);      // not null
            addColumn(t, "PAD_ATTRIBUTE", CHARACTER_DATA);

            // false PK, as rows may have NULL COLLATION_CATALOG
            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[COLLATIONS].name, false, SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // Column number mappings
        final int collation_catalog = 0;
        final int collation_schema  = 1;
        final int collation_name    = 2;
        final int pad_attribute     = 3;

        //
        // Intermediate holders
        Iterator  collations;
        Collation collation;
        String    collationName;
        String    collationSchema;
        String    padAttribute = "PAD SPACE";
        Object[]  row;

        collations = database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(
            SchemaObject.COLLATION);

        while (collations.hasNext()) {
            row                    = t.getEmptyRowData();
            collation              = (Collation) collations.next();
            collationSchema        = collation.getSchemaName().name;
            collationName          = collation.getName().name;
            row[collation_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
            row[collation_schema= collationSchema;
            row[collation_name]    = collationName;
            row[pad_attribute]     = collation.isPadSpace() ? "PAD SPACE"
                                                            : "NO PAD";

            t.insertSys(session, store, row);
        }

        // Initialization
        collations = Collation.nameToJavaName.keySet().iterator();

        // Do it.
        while (collations.hasNext()) {
            row                    = t.getEmptyRowData();
            collationSchema        = "INFORMATION_SCHEMA";
            collationName          = (String) collations.next();
            row[collation_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
            row[collation_schema= collationSchema;
            row[collation_name]    = collationName;
            row[pad_attribute]     = padAttribute;

            t.insertSys(session, store, row);
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     * The COLUMN_COLUMN_USAGE view has one row for each column referenced by
     * a GENERATED column.<p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b><p>
     *
     *      TABLE_CATALOG       VARCHAR
     *      TABLE_SCHEMA        VARCHAR
     *      TABLE_NAME          VARCHAR
     *      COLUMN_NAME         VARCHAR
     *      DEPENDENT_COLUMN    VARCHAR
     *
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b> <p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, and
     *      COLUMN_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *      identifier, and column name, respectively, of a column
     *      defined as GENERATED ALWAYS..
     *
     * <li> The value of DEPENDENT_COLUMN is the name of generated column. The value
     *      of COLUMN_NAME is the name of a column referenced by the generated
     *      column. There may be multiple rows for each generated column.
     *
     * <1i> Columns are reported only if the user or one of its roles is
     *      the authorization (owner) of the table.
     * </ol>
     * <p>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table COLUMN_COLUMN_USAGE(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[COLUMN_COLUMN_USAGE];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[COLUMN_COLUMN_USAGE]);

            addColumn(t, "TABLE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLUMN_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DEPENDENT_COLUMN", SQL_IDENTIFIER);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[COLUMN_COLUMN_USAGE].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        final int table_catalog    = 0;
        final int table_schema     = 1;
        final int table_name       = 2;
        final int column_name      = 3;
        final int dependent_column = 4;

        //
        Iterator tables;
        Table    table;
        Object[] row;

        tables =
            database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(SchemaObject.TABLE);

        while (tables.hasNext()) {
            table = (Table) tables.next();

            if (table.isView()
                    || !session.getGrantee().isFullyAccessibleByRole(
                        table.getName())) {
                continue;
            }

            if (!table.hasGeneratedColumn()) {
                continue;
            }

            HsqlName name = table.getName();

            for (int i = 0; i < table.getColumnCount(); i++) {
                ColumnSchema column = table.getColumn(i);

                if (!column.isGenerated()) {
                    continue;
                }

                OrderedHashSet set = column.getGeneratedColumnReferences();

                if (set != null) {
                    for (int j = 0; j < set.size(); j++) {
                        row                   = t.getEmptyRowData();
                        row[table_catalog]    = database.getCatalogName().name;
                        row[table_schema]     = name.schema.name;
                        row[table_name]       = name.name;
                        row[column_name]      = ((HsqlName) set.get(j)).name;
                        row[dependent_column] = column.getName().name;

                        t.insertSys(session, store, row);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     * The COLUMN_DOMAIN_USAGE view has one row for each column defined with a
     * a DOMAIN data type.<p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b><p>
     *
     *      DOMAIN_CATALOG      VARCHAR
     *      DOMAIN_SCHEMA       VARCHAR
     *      DOMAIN_NAME         VARCHAR
     *      TABLE_CATALOG       VARCHAR
     *      TABLE_SCHEMA        VARCHAR
     *      TABLE_NAME          VARCHAR
     *      COLUMN_NAME         VARCHAR
     *
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b> <p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of DOMAIN_CATALOG, DOMAIN_SCHEMA and DOMAIN_NAME
     *      are the catalog name, schema name,
     *      name, respectively, of a DOMAIN data type.
     *
     * <li> The values of TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, and
     *      COLUMN_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *      identifier, and column name, respectively, of a column
     *      defined with a DOMAIN data type.
     *
     * <1i> Columns are reported only if the user or one of its roles is
     *      the authorization (owner) of the DOMAIN.
     * </ol>
     * <p>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table COLUMN_DOMAIN_USAGE(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[COLUMN_DOMAIN_USAGE];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[COLUMN_DOMAIN_USAGE]);

            addColumn(t, "DOMAIN_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DOMAIN_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DOMAIN_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);     // not null
            addColumn(t, "COLUMN_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[COLUMN_DOMAIN_USAGE].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int domain_catalog = 0;
        final int domain_schema  = 1;
        final int domain_name    = 2;
        final int table_catalog  = 3;
        final int table_schema   = 4;
        final int table_name     = 5;
        final int column_name    = 6;

        // intermediate holders
        int      columnCount;
        Iterator tables;
        Table    table;
        Object[] row;
        Type     type;
        HsqlName tableName;

        // Initialization
        tables = allTables();

        Grantee grantee = session.getGrantee();

        while (tables.hasNext()) {
            table       = (Table) tables.next();
            columnCount = table.getColumnCount();
            tableName   = table.getName();

            for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++) {
                ColumnSchema column = table.getColumn(i);

                type = column.getDataType();

                if (!type.isDomainType()) {
                    continue;
                }

                if (!grantee.isFullyAccessibleByRole(type.getName())) {
                    continue;
                }

                row                 = t.getEmptyRowData();
                row[domain_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[domain_schema= type.getSchemaName().name;
                row[domain_name]    = type.getName().name;
                row[table_catalog= database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[table_schema]   = tableName.schema.name;
                row[table_name]     = tableName.name;
                row[column_name]    = column.getNameString();

                t.insertSys(session, store, row);
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     * The COLUMN_DOMAIN_USAGE view has one row for each column defined with a
     * a DOMAIN data type.<p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b><p>
     *
     *      UDT_CATALOG      VARCHAR
     *      UDT_SCHEMA       VARCHAR
     *      UDT_NAME         VARCHAR
     *      TABLE_CATALOG    VARCHAR
     *      TABLE_SCHEMA     VARCHAR
     *      TABLE_NAME       VARCHAR
     *      COLUMN_NAME      VARCHAR
     *
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b> <p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of UDT_CATALOG, UDT_SCHEMA and UDT_NAME
     *      are the catalog name, schema name,
     *      name, respectively, of a DISTINCT TYPE data type.
     *
     * <li> The values of TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, and
     *      COLUMN_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *      identifier, and column name, respectively, of a column
     *      defined with a DICTINCT TYPE data type.
     *
     * <1i> Columns are reported only if the user or one of its roles is
     *      the authorization (owner) of the DISTINCT TYPE.
     * </ol>
     * <p>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table COLUMN_UDT_USAGE(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[COLUMN_UDT_USAGE];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[COLUMN_UDT_USAGE]);

            addColumn(t, "UDT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "UDT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "UDT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);     // not null
            addColumn(t, "COLUMN_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[COLUMN_UDT_USAGE].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int udt_catalog   = 0;
        final int udt_schema    = 1;
        final int udt_name      = 2;
        final int table_catalog = 3;
        final int table_schema  = 4;
        final int table_name    = 5;
        final int column_name   = 6;

        // intermediate holders
        int      columnCount;
        Iterator tables;
        Table    table;
        Object[] row;
        Type     type;
        HsqlName tableName;

        // Initialization
        tables = allTables();

        Grantee grantee = session.getGrantee();

        while (tables.hasNext()) {
            table       = (Table) tables.next();
            columnCount = table.getColumnCount();
            tableName   = table.getName();

            for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++) {
                ColumnSchema column = table.getColumn(i);

                type = column.getDataType();

                if (!type.isDistinctType()) {
                    continue;
                }

                if (!grantee.isFullyAccessibleByRole(type.getName())) {
                    continue;
                }

                row                = t.getEmptyRowData();
                row[udt_catalog]   = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[udt_schema]    = type.getSchemaName().name;
                row[udt_name]      = type.getName().name;
                row[table_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[table_schema= tableName.schema.name;
                row[table_name]    = tableName.name;
                row[column_name]   = column.getNameString();

                t.insertSys(session, store, row);
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     * The COLUMNS view has one row for each column of each table or view.
     * The column, its data type characteristics, together with its
     * IDENTITY or GENERATED characteristics are reported in this view.<p>
     * <ol>
     * <1i> Columns are reported only if the user or one of its roles is
     *      the authorization (owner) of the table, or is granted any privilege
     *      on the table or the column.
     *
     * </ol>
     *
     */
    Table COLUMNS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[COLUMNS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[COLUMNS]);

            addColumn(t, "TABLE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);           //0
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLUMN_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ORDINAL_POSITION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "COLUMN_DEFAULT", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "IS_NULLABLE", YES_OR_NO);
            addColumn(t, "DATA_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "NUMERIC_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);      //10
            addColumn(t, "NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "NUMERIC_SCALE", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "DATETIME_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "INTERVAL_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "INTERVAL_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_SET_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLLATION_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLLATION_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);        //20
            addColumn(t, "COLLATION_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DOMAIN_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DOMAIN_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DOMAIN_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "UDT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "UDT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "UDT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SCOPE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SCOPE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SCOPE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);              //30
            addColumn(t, "MAXIMUM_CARDINALITY", CARDINAL_NUMBER);    // (only for array tyes)
            addColumn(t, "DTD_IDENTIFIER", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "IS_SELF_REFERENCING", YES_OR_NO);
            addColumn(t, "IS_IDENTITY", YES_OR_NO);
            addColumn(t, "IDENTITY_GENERATION", CHARACTER_DATA);     // ALWAYS / BY DEFAULT
            addColumn(t, "IDENTITY_START", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "IDENTITY_INCREMENT", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "IDENTITY_MAXIMUM", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "IDENTITY_MINIMUM", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "IDENTITY_CYCLE", YES_OR_NO);               //40
            addColumn(t, "IS_GENERATED", CHARACTER_DATA);            // ALWAYS / NEVER
            addColumn(t, "GENERATION_EXPRESSION", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "IS_UPDATABLE", YES_OR_NO);
            addColumn(t, "DECLARED_DATA_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "DECLARED_NUMERIC_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "DECLARED_NUMERIC_SCALE", CARDINAL_NUMBER);

            // order: TABLE_SCHEM, TABLE_NAME, ORDINAL_POSITION
            // added for unique: TABLE_CAT
            // false PK, as TABLE_SCHEM and/or TABLE_CAT may be null
            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[COLUMNS].name, false, SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                3, 2, 1, 4
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int table_cat                  = 0;
        final int table_schem                = 1;
        final int table_name                 = 2;
        final int column_name                = 3;
        final int ordinal_position           = 4;
        final int column_default             = 5;
        final int is_nullable                = 6;
        final int data_type                  = 7;
        final int character_maximum_length   = 8;
        final int character_octet_length     = 9;
        final int numeric_precision          = 10;
        final int numeric_precision_radix    = 11;
        final int numeric_scale              = 12;
        final int datetime_precision         = 13;
        final int interval_type              = 14;
        final int interval_precision         = 15;
        final int character_set_catalog      = 16;
        final int character_set_schema       = 17;
        final int character_set_name         = 18;
        final int collation_catalog          = 19;
        final int collation_schema           = 20;
        final int collation_name             = 21;
        final int domain_catalog             = 22;
        final int domain_schema              = 23;
        final int domain_name                = 24;
        final int udt_catalog                = 25;
        final int udt_schema                 = 26;
        final int udt_name                   = 27;
        final int scope_catalog              = 28;
        final int scope_schema               = 29;
        final int scope_name                 = 30;
        final int maximum_cardinality        = 31;
        final int dtd_identifier             = 32;
        final int is_self_referencing        = 33;
        final int is_identity                = 34;
        final int identity_generation        = 35;
        final int identity_start             = 36;
        final int identity_increment         = 37;
        final int identity_maximum           = 38;
        final int identity_minimum           = 39;
        final int identity_cycle             = 40;
        final int is_generated               = 41;
        final int generation_expression      = 42;
        final int is_updatable               = 43;
        final int declared_data_type         = 44;
        final int declared_numeric_precision = 45;
        final int declared_numeric_scale     = 46;

        //
        // intermediate holders
        int            columnCount;
        Iterator       tables;
        Table          table;
        Object[]       row;
        OrderedHashSet columnList;
        Type           type;

        // Initialization
        tables = allTables();

        while (tables.hasNext()) {
            table = (Table) tables.next();
            columnList =
                session.getGrantee().getColumnsForAllPrivileges(table);

            if (columnList.isEmpty()) {
                continue;
            }

            columnCount = table.getColumnCount();

            for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++) {
                ColumnSchema column = table.getColumn(i);

                type = column.getDataType();

                if (!columnList.contains(column.getName())) {
                    continue;
                }

                row                   = t.getEmptyRowData();
                row[table_cat]        = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[table_schem]      = table.getSchemaName().name;
                row[table_name]       = table.getName().name;
                row[column_name]      = column.getName().name;
                row[ordinal_position] = ValuePool.getLong(i + 1);
                row[column_default]   = column.getDefaultSQL();
                row[is_nullable]      = column.isNullable() ? "YES"
                                                            : "NO";
                row[data_type]        = type.getFullNameString();

                // common type block
                if (type.isCharacterType()) {
                    row[character_maximum_length] =
                        ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                    row[character_octet_length] =
                        ValuePool.getLong(type.precision * 2);
                    row[character_set_catalog] =
                        database.getCatalogName().name;
                    row[character_set_schema] =
                        ((CharacterType) type).getCharacterSet()
                            .getSchemaName().name;
                    row[character_set_name] =
                        ((CharacterType) type).getCharacterSet().getName()
                            .name;
                    row[collation_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                    row[collation_schema] =
                        ((CharacterType) type).getCollation().getSchemaName()
                            .name;
                    row[collation_name] =
                        ((CharacterType) type).getCollation().getName().name;
                } else if (type.isNumberType()) {
                    row[numeric_precision] = ValuePool.getLong(
                        ((NumberType) type).getNumericPrecisionInRadix());
                    row[declared_numeric_precision] = ValuePool.getLong(
                        ((NumberType) type).getNumericPrecisionInRadix());

                    if (type.isExactNumberType()) {
                        row[numeric_scale] = row[declared_numeric_scale] =
                            ValuePool.getLong(type.scale);
                    }

                    row[numeric_precision_radix] =
                        ValuePool.getLong(type.getPrecisionRadix());
                } else if (type.isBooleanType()) {

                    //
                } else if (type.isDateTimeType()) {
                    row[datetime_precision] = ValuePool.getLong(type.scale);
                } else if (type.isIntervalType()) {
                    row[data_type] = "INTERVAL";
                    row[interval_type] =
                        ((IntervalType) type).getQualifier(type.typeCode);
                    row[interval_precision] =
                        ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                    row[datetime_precision] = ValuePool.getLong(type.scale);
                } else if (type.isBinaryType()) {
                    row[character_maximum_length] =
                        ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                    row[character_octet_length] =
                        ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                } else if (type.isBitType()) {
                    row[character_maximum_length] =
                        ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                    row[character_octet_length] =
                        ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                } else if (type.isArrayType()) {
                    row[maximum_cardinality] =
                        ValuePool.getLong(type.arrayLimitCardinality());
                    row[data_type] = "ARRAY";
                }

                if (type.isDomainType()) {
                    row[domain_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                    row[domain_schema= type.getSchemaName().name;
                    row[domain_name]    = type.getName().name;
                }

                if (type.isDistinctType()) {
                    row[udt_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                    row[udt_schema= type.getSchemaName().name;
                    row[udt_name]    = type.getName().name;
                }

                row[scope_catalog]       = null;
                row[scope_schema]        = null;
                row[scope_name]          = null;
                row[dtd_identifier]      = type.getDefinition();
                row[is_self_referencing] = null;
                row[is_identity]         = column.isIdentity() ? "YES"
                                                               : "NO";

                if (column.isIdentity()) {
                    NumberSequence sequence = column.getIdentitySequence();

                    row[identity_generation] = sequence.isAlways() ? "ALWAYS"
                                                                   : "BY DEFAULT";
                    row[identity_start] =
                        Long.toString(sequence.getStartValue());
                    row[identity_increment] =
                        Long.toString(sequence.getIncrement());
                    row[identity_maximum] =
                        Long.toString(sequence.getMaxValue());
                    row[identity_minimum] =
                        Long.toString(sequence.getMinValue());
                    row[identity_cycle] = sequence.isCycle() ? "YES"
                                                             : "NO";
                }

                row[is_generated] = "NEVER";

                if (column.isGenerated()) {
                    row[is_generated] = "ALWAYS";
                    row[generation_expression] =
                        column.getGeneratingExpression().getSQL();
                }

                row[is_updatable]       = table.isWritable() ? "YES"
                                                             : "NO";
                row[declared_data_type] = row[data_type];

                if (type.isNumberType()) {
                    row[declared_numeric_precision] = row[numeric_precision];
                    row[declared_numeric_scale]     = row[numeric_scale];
                }

                t.insertSys(session, store, row);
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE view has one row for each column identified by
     * a table constraint or assertion.<p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b><p>
     *
     *      TABLE_CATALOG       VARCHAR
     *      TABLE_SCHEMA        VARCHAR
     *      TABLE_NAME          VARCHAR
     *      COLUMN_NAME         VARCHAR
     *      CONSTRAINT_CATALOG  VARCHAR
     *      CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA   VARCHAR
     *      CONSTRAINT_NAME     VARCHAR
     *
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b> <p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, and
     *      COLUMN_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *      identifier, and column name, respectively, of a column
     *      identified by a &lt;column reference&gt; explicitly or implicitly
     *      contained in the &lt;search condition&gt; of the constraint
     *      being described.
     *
     * <li> The values of CONSTRAINT_CATALOG, CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA, and
     *      CONSTRAINT_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *      and identifier, respectively, of the constraint being
     *      described. <p>
     *
     * <li> For FOREIGN KEY constraints, the columns of the UNIQUE constraint
     *      in the referenced table are also included in this view.
     *
     * <1i> Columns are reported only if the user or one of its roles is
     *      the authorization (owner) of the table.
     *
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE]);

            addColumn(t, "TABLE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);         // not null
            addColumn(t, "COLUMN_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);        // not null
            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int table_catalog      = 0;
        final int table_schema       = 1;
        final int table_name         = 2;
        final int column_name        = 3;
        final int constraint_catalog = 4;
        final int constraint_schema  = 5;
        final int constraint_name    = 6;

        //
        // calculated column values
        String constraintCatalog;
        String constraintSchema;
        String constraintName;

        // Intermediate holders
        Iterator     tables;
        Table        table;
        Constraint[] constraints;
        int          constraintCount;
        Constraint   constraint;
        Iterator     iterator;
        Object[]     row;

        // Initialization
        tables =
            database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(SchemaObject.TABLE);

        // Do it.
        while (tables.hasNext()) {
            table = (Table) tables.next();

            if (table.isView()
                    || !session.getGrantee().isFullyAccessibleByRole(
                        table.getName())) {
                continue;
            }

            constraints       = table.getConstraints();
            constraintCount   = constraints.length;
            constraintCatalog = database.getCatalogName().name;
            constraintSchema  = table.getSchemaName().name;

            // process constraints
            for (int i = 0; i < constraintCount; i++) {
                constraint     = constraints[i];
                constraintName = constraint.getName().name;

                switch (constraint.getConstraintType()) {

                    case SchemaObject.ConstraintTypes.CHECK : {
                        OrderedHashSet expressions =
                            constraint.getCheckColumnExpressions();

                        if (expressions == null) {
                            break;
                        }

                        iterator = expressions.iterator();

                        // calculate distinct column references
                        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                            ExpressionColumn expr =
                                (ExpressionColumn) iterator.next();
                            HsqlName name = expr.getColumn().getName();

                            if (name.type != SchemaObject.COLUMN) {
                                continue;
                            }

                            row = t.getEmptyRowData();
                            row[table_catalog] =
                                database.getCatalogName().name;
                            row[table_schema]       = name.schema.name;
                            row[table_name]         = name.parent.name;
                            row[column_name]        = name.name;
                            row[constraint_catalog] = constraintCatalog;
                            row[constraint_schema= constraintSchema;
                            row[constraint_name]    = constraintName;

                            try {
                                t.insertSys(session, store, row);
                            } catch (HsqlException e) {}
                        }

                        break;
                    }
                    case SchemaObject.ConstraintTypes.UNIQUE :
                    case SchemaObject.ConstraintTypes.PRIMARY_KEY :
                    case SchemaObject.ConstraintTypes.FOREIGN_KEY : {
                        Table target = table;
                        int[] cols   = constraint.getMainColumns();

                        if (constraint.getConstraintType()
                                == SchemaObject.ConstraintTypes.FOREIGN_KEY) {
                            cols = constraint.getRefColumns();
                        }

                        for (int j = 0; j < cols.length; j++) {
                            row = t.getEmptyRowData();
                            row[table_catalog] =
                                database.getCatalogName().name;
                            row[table_schema] = constraintSchema;
                            row[table_name]   = target.getName().name;
                            row[column_name] =
                                target.getColumn(cols[j]).getName().name;
                            row[constraint_catalog] = constraintCatalog;
                            row[constraint_schema= constraintSchema;
                            row[constraint_name]    = constraintName;

                            try {
                                t.insertSys(session, store, row);
                            } catch (HsqlException e) {}
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The CONSTRAINT_TABLE_USAGE view has one row for each table identified by a
     * &lt;table name&gt; simply contained in a &lt;table reference&gt;
     * contained in the &lt;search condition&gt; of a check constraint,
     * domain constraint, or assertion. It has one row for each table
     * containing / referenced by each PRIMARY KEY, UNIQUE and FOREIGN KEY
     * constraint<p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b> <p>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     *      TABLE_CATALOG           VARCHAR
     *      TABLE_SCHEMA            VARCHAR
     *      TABLE_NAME              VARCHAR
     *      CONSTRAINT_CATALOG      VARCHAR
     *      CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA       VARCHAR
     *      CONSTRAINT_NAME         VARCHAR
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b> <p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of CONSTRAINT_CATALOG, CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA, and
     *      CONSTRAINT_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *       and identifier, respectively, of the constraint being
     *      described. <p>
     *
     * <li> The values of TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, and TABLE_NAME are the
     *      catalog name, schema name, and identifier,
     *      respectively, of a table identified by a &lt;table name&gt;
     *      simply contained in a &lt;table reference&gt; contained in the
     *      *lt;search condition&gt; of the constraint being described, or
     *      its columns.
     *
     * <1i> Tables are reported only if the user or one of its roles is
     *      the authorization (owner) of the table.
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table CONSTRAINT_TABLE_USAGE(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[CONSTRAINT_TABLE_USAGE];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[CONSTRAINT_TABLE_USAGE]);

            addColumn(t, "TABLE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);         // not null
            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[CONSTRAINT_TABLE_USAGE].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        //
        Session sys = database.sessionManager.newSysSession(
            SqlInvariants.INFORMATION_SCHEMA_HSQLNAME, session.getUser());
        Result rs = sys.executeDirectStatement(
            "select DISTINCT TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, "
            + "CONSTRAINT_CATALOG, CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA, CONSTRAINT_NAME "
            + "from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE");

        t.insertSys(session, store, rs);
        sys.close();

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The DATA_TYPE_PRIVILEGES view has one row for each use of a data type.
     * Currently this view does not report the DTD_IDENTIFIER column.
     * <b>Definition:</b> <p>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     *      OBJECT_CATALOG      VARCHAR
     *      OBJECT_SCHEMA       VARCHAR
     *      OBJECT_NAME         VARCHAR
     *      OBJECT_TYPE         VARCHAR
     *      DTD_IDENTIFIER      VARCHAR
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b> <p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of OBJECT_CATALOG, OBJECT_SCHEMA, and
     *      OBJECT_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *       and identifier, respectively, of the object. <p>
     *
     * <li> The value of OBJECT_TYPE is the type of the object, for example
     *      'TABLE'.
     *
     * <1i> Tables are reported only if the user or one of its roles is
     *      the authorization (owner) of the table.
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table DATA_TYPE_PRIVILEGES(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[DATA_TYPE_PRIVILEGES];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[DATA_TYPE_PRIVILEGES]);

            addColumn(t, "OBJECT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "OBJECT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "OBJECT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "OBJECT_TYPE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DTD_IDENTIFIER", SQL_IDENTIFIER);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[DATA_TYPE_PRIVILEGES].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        //
        Session sys = database.sessionManager.newSysSession(
            SqlInvariants.INFORMATION_SCHEMA_HSQLNAME, session.getUser());
        String sql = (String) statementMap.get("/*data_type_privileges*/");
        Result rs  = sys.executeDirectStatement(sql);

        t.insertSys(session, store, rs);
        sys.close();

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * a DEFINITION_SCHEMA table. Not in the INFORMATION_SCHEMA list
     */
/*
    Table DATA_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR() {

        Table t = sysTables[DATA_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[DATA_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR]);

            addColumn(t, "OBJECT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "OBJECT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "OBJECT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "OBJECT_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "DTD_IDENTIFIER", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DATA_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_SET_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "COLLATION_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLLATION_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLLATION_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "NUMERIC_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "NUMERIC_SCALE", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "DECLARED_DATA_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "DECLARED_NUMERIC_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "DECLARED_NUMERIC_SCALE", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "DATETIME_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "INTERVAL_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "INTERVAL_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SCOPE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SCOPE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SCOPE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "MAXIMUM_CARDINALITY", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(null, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        PersistentStore store =  session.sessionData.getRowStore(t);
        final int       object_catalog             = 0;
        final int       object_schema              = 1;
        final int       object_name                = 2;
        final int       object_type                = 3;
        final int       dtd_identifier             = 4;
        final int       data_type                  = 5;
        final int       character_set_catalog      = 6;
        final int       character_set_schema       = 7;
        final int       character_set_name         = 8;
        final int       character_maximum_length   = 9;
        final int       character_octet_length     = 10;
        final int       collation_catalog          = 11;
        final int       collation_schema           = 12;
        final int       collation_name             = 13;
        final int       numeric_precision          = 14;
        final int       numeric_precision_radix    = 15;
        final int       numeric_scale              = 16;
        final int       declared_data_type         = 17;
        final int       declared_numeric_precision = 18;
        final int       declared_numeric_scale     = 19;
        final int       datetime_precision         = 20;
        final int       interval_type              = 21;
        final int       interval_precision         = 22;
        final int       user_defined_type_catalog  = 23;
        final int       user_defined_type_schema   = 24;
        final int       user_defined_type_name     = 25;
        final int       scope_catalog              = 26;
        final int       scope_schema               = 27;
        final int       scope_name                 = 28;
        final int       maximum_cardinality        = 29;
        return t;
    }
*/

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The DOMAIN_CONSTRAINTS view has one row for each domain
     * constraint. <p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b><p>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     *      CONSTRAINT_CATALOG  VARCHAR NULL,
     *      CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA   VARCHAR NULL,
     *      CONSTRAINT_NAME     VARCHAR NOT NULL,
     *      DOMAIN_CATALOG      VARCHAR
     *      DOMAIN_SCHEMA       VARCHAR
     *      DOMAIN_NAME         VARCHAR
     *      IS_DEFERABLE        VARCHAR NOT NULL,
     *      INITIALLY_DEFERRED  VARCHAR NOT NULL,
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b><p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> A constraint is shown in this view if the authorization for the
     *      DOMAIN that contains the constraint is the current user or is a role
     *      assigned to the current user. <p>
     *
     * <li> The values of CONSTRAINT_CATALOG, CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA and
     *      CONSTRAINT_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *      and identifier, respectively, of the constraint being
     *      described. <p>
     *
     * <1i> Constraints are reported only if the user or one of its roles is
     *      the authorization (owner) of the DOMAIN.
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table DOMAIN_CONSTRAINTS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[DOMAIN_CONSTRAINTS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[DOMAIN_CONSTRAINTS]);

            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "DOMAIN_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DOMAIN_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DOMAIN_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "IS_DEFERRABLE", YES_OR_NO);
            addColumn(t, "INITIALLY_DEFERRED", YES_OR_NO);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[DOMAIN_CONSTRAINTS].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        final int constraint_catalog = 0;
        final int constraint_schema  = 1;
        final int constraint_name    = 2;
        final int domain_catalog     = 3;
        final int domain_schema      = 4;
        final int domain_name        = 5;
        final int is_deferrable      = 6;
        final int initially_deferred = 7;

        //
        //
        Iterator it =
            database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(SchemaObject.DOMAIN);

        while (it.hasNext()) {
            Type domain = (Type) it.next();

            if (!domain.isDomainType()) {
                continue;
            }

            if (!session.getGrantee().isFullyAccessibleByRole(
                    domain.getName())) {
                continue;
            }

            Constraint[] constraints =
                domain.userTypeModifier.getConstraints();

            for (int i = 0; i < constraints.length; i++) {
                Object[] data = t.getEmptyRowData();

                data[constraint_catalog] = data[domain_catalog] =
                    database.getCatalogName().name;
                data[constraint_schema] = data[domain_schema] =
                    domain.getSchemaName().name;
                data[constraint_name]    = constraints[i].getName().name;
                data[domain_name]        = domain.getName().name;
                data[is_deferrable]      = Tokens.T_NO;
                data[initially_deferred] = Tokens.T_NO;

                t.insertSys(session, store, data);
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The DOMAINS view has one row for each domain. <p>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table DOMAINS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[DOMAINS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[DOMAINS]);

            addColumn(t, "DOMAIN_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DOMAIN_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DOMAIN_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DATA_TYPE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_SET_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLLATION_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLLATION_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLLATION_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "NUMERIC_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "NUMERIC_SCALE", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "DATETIME_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "INTERVAL_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "INTERVAL_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "DOMAIN_DEFAULT", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "MAXIMUM_CARDINALITY", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "DTD_IDENTIFIER", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DECLARED_DATA_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "DECLARED_NUMERIC_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "DECLARED_NUMERIC_SCALE", CARDINAL_NUMBER);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[DOMAINS].name, false, SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        final int domain_catalog             = 0;
        final int domain_schema              = 1;
        final int domain_name                = 2;
        final int data_type                  = 3;
        final int character_maximum_length   = 4;
        final int character_octet_length     = 5;
        final int character_set_catalog      = 6;
        final int character_set_schema       = 7;
        final int character_set_name         = 8;
        final int collation_catalog          = 9;
        final int collation_schema           = 10;
        final int collation_name             = 11;
        final int numeric_precision          = 12;
        final int numeric_precision_radix    = 13;
        final int numeric_scale              = 14;
        final int datetime_precision         = 15;
        final int interval_type              = 16;
        final int interval_precision         = 17;
        final int domain_default             = 18;
        final int maximum_cardinality        = 19;
        final int dtd_identifier             = 20;
        final int declared_data_type         = 21;
        final int declared_numeric_precision = 22;
        final int declared_numeric_scale     = 23;

        //
        //
        Iterator it =
            database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(SchemaObject.DOMAIN);

        while (it.hasNext()) {
            Type type = (Type) it.next();

            if (!type.isDomainType()) {
                continue;
            }

            if (!session.getGrantee().isAccessible(type)) {
                continue;
            }

            Object[] row = t.getEmptyRowData();

            row[domain_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
            row[domain_schema= type.getSchemaName().name;
            row[domain_name]    = type.getName().name;
            row[data_type]      = type.getFullNameString();

            // common type block
            if (type.isCharacterType()) {
                row[character_maximum_length] =
                    ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                row[character_octet_length] = ValuePool.getLong(type.precision
                        * 2);
                row[character_set_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[character_set_schema] =
                    ((CharacterType) type).getCharacterSet().getSchemaName()
                        .name;
                row[character_set_name] =
                    ((CharacterType) type).getCharacterSet().getName().name;
                row[collation_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[collation_schema] =
                    ((CharacterType) type).getCollation().getSchemaName().name;
                row[collation_name] =
                    ((CharacterType) type).getCollation().getName().name;
            } else if (type.isNumberType()) {
                row[numeric_precision] = ValuePool.getLong(
                    ((NumberType) type).getNumericPrecisionInRadix());
                row[declared_numeric_precision] = ValuePool.getLong(
                    ((NumberType) type).getNumericPrecisionInRadix());

                if (type.isExactNumberType()) {
                    row[numeric_scale] = row[declared_numeric_scale] =
                        ValuePool.getLong(type.scale);
                }

                row[numeric_precision_radix] =
                    ValuePool.getLong(type.getPrecisionRadix());
            } else if (type.isBooleanType()) {

                //
            } else if (type.isDateTimeType()) {
                row[datetime_precision] = ValuePool.getLong(type.scale);
            } else if (type.isIntervalType()) {
                row[data_type] = "INTERVAL";
                row[interval_type] =
                    ((IntervalType) type).getQualifier(type.typeCode);
                row[interval_precision] = ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                row[datetime_precision] = ValuePool.getLong(type.scale);
            } else if (type.isBinaryType()) {
                row[character_maximum_length] =
                    ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                row[character_octet_length] =
                    ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
            } else if (type.isBitType()) {
                row[character_maximum_length] =
                    ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                row[character_octet_length] =
                    ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
            } else if (type.isArrayType()) {
                row[maximum_cardinality] =
                    ValuePool.getLong(type.arrayLimitCardinality());
                row[data_type] = "ARRAY";
            }

            row[dtd_identifier]     = type.getDefinition();
            row[declared_data_type] = row[data_type];

            // end common block
            Expression defaultExpression =
                type.userTypeModifier.getDefaultClause();

            if (defaultExpression != null) {
                row[domain_default] = defaultExpression.getSQL();
            }

            t.insertSys(session, store, row);
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The type attributes of elements of array. <p>
     *
     * The ELEMENT_TYPES view is empty.<p>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table ELEMENT_TYPES(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[ELEMENT_TYPES];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[ELEMENT_TYPES]);

            addColumn(t, "OBJECT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "OBJECT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "OBJECT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "OBJECT_TYPE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLLECTION_TYPE_IDENTIFIER", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DATA_TYPE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_SET_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLLATION_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLLATION_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLLATION_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "NUMERIC_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "NUMERIC_SCALE", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "DATETIME_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "INTERVAL_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "INTERVAL_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "UDT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "UDT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "UDT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SCOPE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SCOPE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SCOPE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "MAXIMUM_CARDINALITY", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "DTD_IDENTIFIER", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DECLARED_DATA_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "DECLARED_NUMERIC_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "DECLARED_NUMERIC_SCALE", CARDINAL_NUMBER);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[ELEMENT_TYPES].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 27
            }, true);

            return t;
        }

        final int object_catalog             = 0;
        final int object_schema              = 1;
        final int object_name                = 2;
        final int object_type                = 3;
        final int collection_type_identifier = 4;

        //
        final int udt_catalog   = 20;
        final int udt_schema    = 21;
        final int udt_name      = 22;
        final int scope_catalog = 23;
        final int scope_schema  = 24;
        final int scope_name    = 25;

        //
        // intermediate holders
        int            columnCount;
        Iterator       tables;
        Table          table;
        Object[]       row;
        OrderedHashSet columnList;
        Type           type;

        // Initialization
        tables = allTables();

        while (tables.hasNext()) {
            table = (Table) tables.next();
            columnList =
                session.getGrantee().getColumnsForAllPrivileges(table);

            if (columnList.isEmpty()) {
                continue;
            }

            columnCount = table.getColumnCount();

            for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++) {
                ColumnSchema column = table.getColumn(i);

                if (!columnList.contains(column.getName())) {
                    continue;
                }

                type = column.getDataType();

                if (type.isDistinctType() || type.isDomainType()
                        || !type.isArrayType()) {
                    continue;
                }

                row                             = t.getEmptyRowData();
                row[object_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[object_schema]              = table.getSchemaName().name;
                row[object_name]                = table.getName().name;
                row[object_type]                = "TABLE";
                row[collection_type_identifier] = type.getDefinition();

                addTypeInfo(row, ((ArrayType) type).collectionBaseType());

                try {
                    t.insertSys(session, store, row);
                } catch (HsqlException e) {}
            }
        }

        Iterator it =
            database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(SchemaObject.DOMAIN);

        while (it.hasNext()) {
            type = (Type) it.next();

            if (!type.isDomainType() || !type.isArrayType()) {
                continue;
            }

            if (!session.getGrantee().isAccessible(type)) {
                continue;
            }

            row                             = t.getEmptyRowData();
            row[object_catalog]             = database.getCatalogName().name;
            row[object_schema]              = type.getSchemaName().name;
            row[object_name]                = type.getName().name;
            row[object_type]                = "DOMAIN";
            row[collection_type_identifier] = type.getDefinition();

            addTypeInfo(row, ((ArrayType) type).collectionBaseType());
            t.insertSys(session, store, row);
        }

        it = database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(SchemaObject.TYPE);

        while (it.hasNext()) {
            type = (Type) it.next();

            if (!type.isDistinctType() || !type.isArrayType()) {
                continue;
            }

            if (!session.getGrantee().isAccessible(type)) {
                continue;
            }

            row                             = t.getEmptyRowData();
            row[object_catalog]             = database.getCatalogName().name;
            row[object_schema]              = type.getSchemaName().name;
            row[object_name]                = type.getName().name;
            row[object_type]                = "USER-DEFINED TYPE";
            row[collection_type_identifier] = type.getDefinition();

            addTypeInfo(row, ((ArrayType) type).collectionBaseType());

            try {
                t.insertSys(session, store, row);
            } catch (HsqlException e) {}
        }

        it = database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(
            SchemaObject.SPECIFIC_ROUTINE);

        while (it.hasNext()) {
            Routine routine = (Routine) it.next();

            if (!session.getGrantee().isAccessible(routine)) {
                continue;
            }

            type = routine.isProcedure() ? null
                                         : routine.getReturnType();

            if (type == null || type.isDistinctType() || type.isDomainType()
                    || !type.isArrayType()) {

                //
            } else {
                row                             = t.getEmptyRowData();
                row[object_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[object_schema]              = routine.getSchemaName().name;
                row[object_name]                = routine.getName().name;
                row[object_type]                = "ROUTINE";
                row[collection_type_identifier] = type.getDefinition();

                addTypeInfo(row, ((ArrayType) type).collectionBaseType());

                try {
                    t.insertSys(session, store, row);
                } catch (HsqlException e) {}
            }

            Type returnType = type;
            int  paramCount = routine.getParameterCount();

            for (int i = 0; i < paramCount; i++) {
                ColumnSchema param = routine.getParameter(i);

                type = param.getDataType();

                if (type.isDistinctType() || type.isDomainType()
                        || !type.isArrayType()) {
                    continue;
                }

                if (type.equals(returnType)) {
                    continue;
                }

                row                             = t.getEmptyRowData();
                row[object_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[object_schema]              = routine.getSchemaName().name;
                row[object_name]                = routine.getName().name;
                row[object_type]                = "ROUTINE";
                row[collection_type_identifier] = type.getDefinition();

                addTypeInfo(row, ((ArrayType) type).collectionBaseType());

                try {
                    t.insertSys(session, store, row);
                } catch (HsqlException e) {}
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    void addTypeInfo(Object[] row, Type type) {

        final int data_type                = 5;
        final int character_maximum_length = 6;
        final int character_octet_length   = 7;
        final int character_set_catalog    = 8;
        final int character_set_schema     = 9;
        final int character_set_name       = 10;
        final int collation_catalog        = 11;
        final int collation_schema         = 12;
        final int collation_name           = 13;
        final int numeric_precision        = 14;
        final int numeric_precision_radix  = 15;
        final int numeric_scale            = 16;
        final int datetime_precision       = 17;
        final int interval_type            = 18;
        final int interval_precision       = 19;

        //
        final int maximum_cardinality        = 26;
        final int dtd_identifier             = 27;
        final int declared_data_type         = 28;
        final int declared_numeric_precision = 29;
        final int declared_numeric_scale     = 30;

        row[data_type] = type.getFullNameString();

        if (type.isCharacterType()) {
            row[character_maximum_length] = ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
            row[character_octet_length] = ValuePool.getLong(type.precision
                    * 2);
            row[character_set_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
            row[character_set_schema] =
                ((CharacterType) type).getCharacterSet().getSchemaName().name;
            row[character_set_name] =
                ((CharacterType) type).getCharacterSet().getName().name;
            row[collation_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
            row[collation_schema] =
                ((CharacterType) type).getCollation().getSchemaName().name;
            row[collation_name] =
                ((CharacterType) type).getCollation().getName().name;
        } else if (type.isNumberType()) {
            row[numeric_precision] = ValuePool.getLong(
                ((NumberType) type).getNumericPrecisionInRadix());
            row[declared_numeric_precision] = ValuePool.getLong(
                ((NumberType) type).getNumericPrecisionInRadix());

            if (type.isExactNumberType()) {
                row[numeric_scale] = row[declared_numeric_scale] =
                    ValuePool.getLong(type.scale);
            }

            row[numeric_precision_radix] =
                ValuePool.getLong(type.getPrecisionRadix());
        } else if (type.isBooleanType()) {

            //
        } else if (type.isDateTimeType()) {
            row[datetime_precision] = ValuePool.getLong(type.scale);
        } else if (type.isIntervalType()) {
            row[data_type] = "INTERVAL";
            row[interval_type] =
                ((IntervalType) type).getQualifier(type.typeCode);
            row[interval_precision] = ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
            row[datetime_precision] = ValuePool.getLong(type.scale);
        } else if (type.isBinaryType()) {
            row[character_maximum_length] = ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
            row[character_octet_length]   = ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
        } else if (type.isBitType()) {
            row[character_maximum_length] = ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
            row[character_octet_length]   = ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
        } else if (type.isArrayType()) {
            row[maximum_cardinality] =
                ValuePool.getLong(type.arrayLimitCardinality());
        }

        row[dtd_identifier]     = type.getDefinition();
        row[declared_data_type] = row[data_type];
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * ENABLED_ROLES<p>
     *
     * Identify the enabled roles for the current SQL-session.<p>
     *
     * Definition<p>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     * CREATE RECURSIVE VIEW ENABLED_ROLES ( ROLE_NAME ) AS
     *      VALUES ( CURRENT_ROLE )
     *      UNION
     *      SELECT RAD.ROLE_NAME
     *        FROM DEFINITION_SCHEMA.ROLE_AUTHORIZATION_DESCRIPTORS RAD
     *        JOIN ENABLED_ROLES R
     *          ON RAD.GRANTEE = R.ROLE_NAME;
     *
     * GRANT SELECT ON TABLE ENABLED_ROLES
     *    TO PUBLIC WITH GRANT OPTION;
     * </pre>
     */
    Table ENABLED_ROLES(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[ENABLED_ROLES];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[ENABLED_ROLES]);

            addColumn(t, "ROLE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);

            // true PK
            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[ENABLED_ROLES].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[]{ 0 }, true);

            return t;
        }

        // Intermediate holders
        Iterator grantees;
        Grantee  grantee;
        Object[] row;

        // initialization
        grantees = session.getGrantee().getAllRoles().iterator();

        while (grantees.hasNext()) {
            grantee = (Grantee) grantees.next();
            row     = t.getEmptyRowData();
            row[0= grantee.getName().getNameString();

            t.insertSys(session, store, row);
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The JAR_JAR_USAGE view is empty.<p>
     *
     */
    Table JAR_JAR_USAGE(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[JAR_JAR_USAGE];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[JAR_JAR_USAGE]);

            addColumn(t, "PATH_JAR_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "PATH_JAR_SCHAMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "PATH_JAR_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "JAR_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "JAR_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "JAR_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[JAR_JAR_USAGE].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int path_jar_catalog = 0;
        final int path_jar_schema  = 1;
        final int path_jar_name    = 2;
        final int jar_catalog      = 3;
        final int jar_schema       = 4;
        final int jar_name         = 5;

        //
        Iterator it;
        Object[] row;

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The JARS view is empty.<p>
     *
     */
    Table JARS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[JARS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[JARS]);

            addColumn(t, "JAR_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "JAR_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "JAR_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "JAR_PATH", CHARACTER_DATA);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[JARS].name, false, SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int jar_catalog = 0;
        final int jar_schema  = 1;
        final int jar_name    = 2;
        final int jar_path    = 3;

        //
        Iterator it;
        Object[] row;

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The KEY_COLUMN_USAGE view describes the columns of
     * PRIMARY KEY, UNIQUE, FOREIGN KEY, and CHECK  constraint of each accessible table
     * defined within this database. <p>
     *
     * Each row is a PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE column description with the following
     * columns: <p>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     * CONSTRAINT_CATALOG              VARCHAR NULL,
     * CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA               VARCHAR NULL,
     * CONSTRAINT_NAME                 VARCHAR NOT NULL,
     * TABLE_CATALOG                   VARCHAR   table catalog
     * TABLE_SCHEMA                    VARCHAR   table schema
     * TABLE_NAME                      VARCHAR   table name
     * COLUMN_NAME                     VARCHAR   column name
     * ORDINAL_POSITION                BIGINT
     * POSITION_IN_UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT   BIGINT
     * </pre> <p>
     *
     * The ORDINAL_POSITION column refers to the position of the column in the
     * definition of the UNIQUE or FOREIGN KEY constraints.<p>
     * The POSITION_IN_UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT column is defined for FOREIGN KEY constraints
     * only. It refers to the position of the referenced column in the UNIQUE
     * constraint in the reference table.<p>
     * A column is included in this view if the user has some privilege on al
     * the columns of the constraint.<p>
     *
     * @return a <code>Table</code> object describing the visible
     *        primary key and unique columns of each accessible table
     *        defined within this database.
     */
    Table KEY_COLUMN_USAGE(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[KEY_COLUMN_USAGE];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[KEY_COLUMN_USAGE]);

            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);                   // not null
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);                        // not null
            addColumn(t, "COLUMN_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);                       // not null
            addColumn(t, "ORDINAL_POSITION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);                 // not null
            addColumn(t, "POSITION_IN_UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT", CARDINAL_NUMBER);    // not null

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[KEY_COLUMN_USAGE].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                2, 1, 0, 6, 7
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // Intermediate holders
        Iterator tables;
        Object[] row;

        // column number mappings
        final int constraint_catalog            = 0;
        final int constraint_schema             = 1;
        final int constraint_name               = 2;
        final int table_catalog                 = 3;
        final int table_schema                  = 4;
        final int table_name                    = 5;
        final int column_name                   = 6;
        final int ordinal_position              = 7;
        final int position_in_unique_constraint = 8;

        // Initialization
        tables =
            database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(SchemaObject.TABLE);

        while (tables.hasNext()) {
            Table    table        = (Table) tables.next();
            String   tableCatalog = database.getCatalogName().name;
            HsqlName tableName    = table.getName();

            if (table.isView()) {
                continue;
            }

            if (!session.getGrantee().isAccessible(tableName)) {
                continue;
            }

            Constraint[] constraints = table.getConstraints();

            for (int i = 0; i < constraints.length; i++) {
                Constraint constraint = constraints[i];

                if (constraint.getConstraintType() == SchemaObject
                        .ConstraintTypes.PRIMARY_KEY || constraint
                        .getConstraintType() == SchemaObject.ConstraintTypes
                        .UNIQUE || constraint
                        .getConstraintType() == SchemaObject.ConstraintTypes
                        .FOREIGN_KEY) {
                    String constraintName = constraint.getName().name;
                    int[]  cols           = constraint.getMainColumns();
                    int[]  uniqueColMap   = null;

                    if (constraint.getConstraintType()
                            == SchemaObject.ConstraintTypes.FOREIGN_KEY) {
                        Table uniqueConstTable = constraint.getMain();
                        Constraint uniqueConstraint =
                            uniqueConstTable.getConstraint(
                                constraint.getUniqueName().name);
                        int[] uniqueConstIndexes =
                            uniqueConstraint.getMainColumns();

                        uniqueColMap = new int[cols.length];

                        for (int j = 0; j < cols.length; j++) {
                            uniqueColMap[j] =
                                ArrayUtil.find(uniqueConstIndexes, cols[j]);
                        }

                        cols = constraint.getRefColumns();
                    }

                    if (!session.getGrantee().hasColumnRights(table, cols)) {
                        continue;
                    }

                    for (int j = 0; j < cols.length; j++) {
                        row                     = t.getEmptyRowData();
                        row[constraint_catalog] = tableCatalog;
                        row[constraint_schema= tableName.schema.name;
                        row[constraint_name]    = constraintName;
                        row[table_catalog]      = tableCatalog;
                        row[table_schema]       = tableName.schema.name;
                        row[table_name]         = tableName.name;
                        row[column_name] =
                            table.getColumn(cols[j]).getName().name;
                        row[ordinal_position] = ValuePool.getLong(j + 1);

                        if (constraint.getConstraintType()
                                == SchemaObject.ConstraintTypes.FOREIGN_KEY) {
                            row[position_in_unique_constraint] =
                                ValuePool.getInt(uniqueColMap[j] + 1);
                        }

                        t.insertSys(session, store, row);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The METHOD_SPECIFICATION_PARAMETERS view is not implemented.<p>
     *
     */
    Table METHOD_SPECIFICATION_PARAMETERS(Session session,
                                          PersistentStore store) {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The METHOD_SPECIFICATIONS view is not implemented.<p>
     *
     */
    Table METHOD_SPECIFICATIONS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The MODULE_COLUMN_USAGE view is not implemented.<p>
     *
     */
    Table MODULE_COLUMN_USAGE(Session session, PersistentStore store) {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The MODULE_PRIVILEGES view is not implemented.<p>
     *
     */
    Table MODULE_PRIVILEGES(Session session, PersistentStore store) {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The MODULE_TABLE_USAGE view is not implemented.<p>
     *
     */
    Table MODULE_TABLE_USAGE(Session session, PersistentStore store) {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The MODULES view is not implemented.<p>
     *
     */
    Table MODULES(Session session, PersistentStore store) {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The PARAMETERS view has one row for each parameter of a user defined
     * routine.<p>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     *      OBJECT_CATALOG      VARCHAR
     *      OBJECT_SCHEMA       VARCHAR
     *      OBJECT_NAME         VARCHAR
     *      OBJECT_TYPE         VARCHAR
     *      DTD_IDENTIFIER      VARCHAR
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b> <p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of OBJECT_CATALOG, OBJECT_SCHEMA, and
     *      OBJECT_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *       and identifier, respectively, of the object. <p>
     *
     * <li> The value of OBJECT_TYPE is the type of the object, for example
     *      'TABLE'.
     *
     * <1i> Tables are reported only if the user or one of its roles is
     *      the authorization (owner) of the table.
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table PARAMETERS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[PARAMETERS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[PARAMETERS]);

            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ORDINAL_POSITION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "PARAMETER_MODE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "IS_RESULT", YES_OR_NO);
            addColumn(t, "AS_LOCATOR", YES_OR_NO);
            addColumn(t, "PARAMETER_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);

            //
            addColumn(t, "FROM_SQL_SPECIFIC_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "FROM_SQL_SPECIFIC_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "FROM_SQL_SPECIFIC_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);

            //
            addColumn(t, "TO_SQL_SPECIFIC_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TO_SQL_SPECIFIC_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TO_SQL_SPECIFIC_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);

            //
            addColumn(t, "DATA_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_SET_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLLATION_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLLATION_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLLATION_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "NUMERIC_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "NUMERIC_SCALE", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "DATETIME_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "INTERVAL_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "INTERVAL_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "UDT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "UDT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "UDT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SCOPE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SCOPE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SCOPE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "MAXIMUM_CARDINALITY", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "DTD_IDENTIFIER", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DECLARED_DATA_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "DECLARED_NUMERIC_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "DECLARED_NUMERIC_SCALE", CARDINAL_NUMBER);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[PARAMETERS].name, false, SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int specific_cat             = 0;
        final int specific_schem           = 1;
        final int specific_name            = 2;
        final int ordinal_position         = 3;
        final int parameter_mode           = 4;
        final int is_result                = 5;
        final int as_locator               = 6;
        final int parameter_name           = 7;
        final int from_specific_catalog    = 8;
        final int from_specific_schema     = 9;
        final int from_specific_name       = 10;
        final int to_specific_catalog      = 11;
        final int to_specific_schema       = 12;
        final int to_specific_name         = 13;
        final int data_type                = 14;
        final int character_maximum_length = 15;
        final int character_octet_length   = 16;
        final int character_set_catalog    = 17;
        final int character_set_schema     = 18;
        final int character_set_name       = 19;
        final int collation_catalog        = 20;
        final int collation_schema         = 21;
        final int collation_name           = 22;
        final int numeric_precision        = 23;
        final int numeric_precision_radix  = 24;
        final int numeric_scale            = 25;
        final int datetime_precision       = 26;
        final int interval_type            = 27;
        final int interval_precision       = 28;
        final int udt_catalog              = 29;
        final int udt_schema               = 30;
        final int udt_name                 = 31;
        final int scope_catalog            = 32;
        final int scope_schema             = 33;
        final int scope_name               = 34;
        final int maximum_cardinality      = 35;
        final int dtd_identifier           = 36;

        // intermediate holders
        int           columnCount;
        Iterator      routines;
        RoutineSchema routineSchema;
        Routine       routine;
        Object[]      row;
        Type          type;

        // Initialization
        routines = database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(
            SchemaObject.ROUTINE);

        while (routines.hasNext()) {
            routineSchema = (RoutineSchema) routines.next();

            if (!session.getGrantee().isAccessible(routineSchema)) {
                continue;
            }

            Routine[] specifics = routineSchema.getSpecificRoutines();

            for (int i = 0; i < specifics.length; i++) {
                routine     = specifics[i];
                columnCount = routine.getParameterCount();

                for (int j = 0; j < columnCount; j++) {
                    ColumnSchema column = routine.getParameter(j);

                    type                  = column.getDataType();
                    row                   = t.getEmptyRowData();
                    row[specific_cat]     = database.getCatalogName().name;
                    row[specific_schem]   = routine.getSchemaName().name;
                    row[specific_name]    = routine.getSpecificName().name;
                    row[parameter_name]   = column.getName().name;
                    row[ordinal_position] = ValuePool.getLong(j + 1);

                    switch (column.getParameterMode()) {

                        case SchemaObject.ParameterModes.PARAM_IN :
                            row[parameter_mode] = "IN";
                            break;

                        case SchemaObject.ParameterModes.PARAM_OUT :
                            row[parameter_mode] = "OUT";
                            break;

                        case SchemaObject.ParameterModes.PARAM_INOUT :
                            row[parameter_mode] = "INOUT";
                            break;
                    }

                    row[is_result= "NO";
                    row[as_locator] = "NO";
                    row[data_type= type.getFullNameString();

                    // common type block
                    if (type.isCharacterType()) {
                        row[character_maximum_length] =
                            ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                        row[character_octet_length] =
                            ValuePool.getLong(type.precision * 2);
                        row[character_set_catalog] =
                            database.getCatalogName().name;
                        row[character_set_schema] =
                            ((CharacterType) type).getCharacterSet()
                                .getSchemaName().name;
                        row[character_set_name] =
                            ((CharacterType) type).getCharacterSet().getName()
                                .name;
                        row[collation_catalog] =
                            database.getCatalogName().name;
                        row[collation_schema] =
                            ((CharacterType) type).getCollation()
                                .getSchemaName().name;
                        row[collation_name] =
                            ((CharacterType) type).getCollation().getName()
                                .name;
                    } else if (type.isNumberType()) {
                        row[numeric_precision] = ValuePool.getLong(
                            ((NumberType) type).getNumericPrecisionInRadix());
                        row[numeric_precision_radix] =
                            ValuePool.getLong(type.getPrecisionRadix());
                    } else if (type.isBooleanType()) {

                        //
                    } else if (type.isDateTimeType()) {
                        row[datetime_precision] =
                            ValuePool.getLong(type.scale);
                    } else if (type.isIntervalType()) {
                        row[data_type] = "INTERVAL";
                        row[interval_type] =
                            ((IntervalType) type).getQualifier(type.typeCode);
                        row[interval_precision] =
                            ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                        row[datetime_precision] =
                            ValuePool.getLong(type.scale);
                    } else if (type.isBinaryType()) {
                        row[character_maximum_length] =
                            ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                        row[character_octet_length] =
                            ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                    } else if (type.isBitType()) {
                        row[character_maximum_length] =
                            ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                        row[character_octet_length] =
                            ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                    } else if (type.isArrayType()) {
                        row[maximum_cardinality] =
                            ValuePool.getLong(type.arrayLimitCardinality());
                        row[data_type] = "ARRAY";
                    }

                    if (type.isDistinctType()) {
                        row[udt_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                        row[udt_schema= type.getSchemaName().name;
                        row[udt_name]    = type.getName().name;
                    }

                    row[dtd_identifier] = type.getDefinition();

                    // end common block
                    t.insertSys(session, store, row);
                }
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS view has one row for each FOREIGN KEY
     * constraint. <p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b><p>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     *      CONSTRAINT_CATALOG             VARCHAR ,
     *      CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA              VARCHAR ,
     *      CONSTRAINT_NAME                VARCHAR ,
     *      UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_CATALOG      VARCHAR ,
     *      UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA       VARCHAR ,
     *      UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME         VARCHAR ,
     *      MATCH_OPTION                   VARCHAR ,
     *      UPDATE_RULE                    VARCHAR ,
     *      DELETE_RULE                    VARCHAR ,
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b><p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of CONSTRAINT_CATALOG, CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA and
     *      CONSTRAINT_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *      and identifier, respectively, of the constraint being
     *      described. <p>
     *
     * <li> The values of UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_CATALOG, UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA and
     *      UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *      and identifier, respectively, of the referenced UNIQUE constraint. <p>
     *
     * <li> A constraint is shown in this view if the user has table level
     *      privilege of at lease one of the types, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE,
     *      REFERENCES or TRIGGER.
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS]);

            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);              // not null
            addColumn(t, "UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "MATCH_OPTION", CHARACTER_DATA);                 // not null
            addColumn(t, "UPDATE_RULE", CHARACTER_DATA);                  // not null
            addColumn(t, "DELETE_RULE", CHARACTER_DATA);                  // not null

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2,
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int constraint_catalog        = 0;
        final int constraint_schema         = 1;
        final int constraint_name           = 2;
        final int unique_constraint_catalog = 3;
        final int unique_constraint_schema  = 4;
        final int unique_constraint_name    = 5;
        final int match_option              = 6;
        final int update_rule               = 7;
        final int delete_rule               = 8;

        //
        Iterator     tables;
        Table        table;
        Constraint[] constraints;
        Constraint   constraint;
        Object[]     row;

        tables =
            database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(SchemaObject.TABLE);

        while (tables.hasNext()) {
            table = (Table) tables.next();

            if (table.isView()
                    || !session.getGrantee().hasNonSelectTableRight(table)) {
                continue;
            }

            constraints = table.getConstraints();

            for (int i = 0; i < constraints.length; i++) {
                constraint = constraints[i];

                if (constraint.getConstraintType()
                        != SchemaObject.ConstraintTypes.FOREIGN_KEY) {
                    continue;
                }

                HsqlName uniqueName = constraint.getUniqueName();

                row                     = t.getEmptyRowData();
                row[constraint_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[constraint_schema= constraint.getSchemaName().name;
                row[constraint_name]    = constraint.getName().name;

                if (isAccessibleTable(session, constraint.getMain())) {
                    row[unique_constraint_catalog] =
                        database.getCatalogName().name;
                    row[unique_constraint_schema] = uniqueName.schema.name;
                    row[unique_constraint_name]   = uniqueName.name;
                }

                row[match_option] = Tokens.T_NONE;
                row[update_rule= constraint.getUpdateActionString();
                row[delete_rule= constraint.getDeleteActionString();

                t.insertSys(session, store, row);
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The ROLE_COLUMN_GRANTS view has one row for each privilege granted to each
     * ROLE on each column. <p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b><p>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     *      GRANTOR                        VARCHAR ,
     *      GRANTEE                        VARCHAR ,
     *      TABLE_CATALOG                  VARCHAR ,
     *      TABLE_SCHEMA                   VARCHAR ,
     *      TABLE_NAME                     VARCHAR ,
     *      COLUMN_NAME                    VARCHAR ,
     *      PRIVILEGE_TYPE                 VARCHAR ,
     *      IS_GRANTABLE                   VARCHAR ,
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b><p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of GRANTOR is the grantor of the privilege. The value of
     *      GRANTEE is the name of the ROLE.
     *
     * <li> The values of TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA,
     *      TABLE_NAME and COLUMN_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *      table name and column identifier, respectively, of the column grant being
     *      described. <p>
     *
     * <li> The value of PRIVILEGE_TYPE is the type of the privilege, including,
     *      'SELECT', 'UPDATE', 'INSERT', 'REFERENCES' and 'TRIGGER'.
     *      The value IS_GRANTABLE is 'YES' if the privilege is grantable. <p>
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table ROLE_COLUMN_GRANTS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[ROLE_COLUMN_GRANTS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[ROLE_COLUMN_GRANTS]);

            addColumn(t, "GRANTOR", SQL_IDENTIFIER);           // not null
            addColumn(t, "GRANTEE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);           // not null
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);        // not null
            addColumn(t, "COLUMN_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);       // not null
            addColumn(t, "PRIVILEGE_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "IS_GRANTABLE", YES_OR_NO);           // not null

            // order: COLUMN_NAME, PRIVILEGE
            // for unique: GRANTEE, GRANTOR, TABLE_NAME, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_CAT
            // false PK, as TABLE_SCHEMA and/or TABLE_CAT may be null
            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[ROLE_COLUMN_GRANTS].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                5, 6, 1, 0, 4, 3, 2
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        Session sys = database.sessionManager.newSysSession(
            SqlInvariants.INFORMATION_SCHEMA_HSQLNAME, session.getUser());
        Result rs = sys.executeDirectStatement(
            "SELECT C.GRANTOR, C.GRANTEE, C.TABLE_CATALOG, C.TABLE_SCHEMA, C.TABLE_NAME, C.COLUMN_NAME, C.PRIVILEGE_TYPE, C.IS_GRANTABLE "
            + "FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMN_PRIVILEGES C "
            + "JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.APPLICABLE_ROLES ON C.GRANTEE = ROLE_NAME;");

        t.insertSys(session, store, rs);
        sys.close();

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The ROLE_ROUTINE_GRANTS view has one row for each privilege granted to each
     * ROLE on each specific routine. <p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b><p>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     *      GRANTOR                        VARCHAR ,
     *      GRANTEE                        VARCHAR ,
     *      SPECIFIC_CATALOG               VARCHAR ,
     *      SPECIFIC_SCHEMA                VARCHAR ,
     *      SPECIFIC_NAME                  VARCHAR ,
     *      ROUTINE_CATALOG                VARCHAR ,
     *      ROUTINE_SCHEMA                 VARCHAR ,
     *      ROUTINE_NAME                   VARCHAR ,
     *      PRIVILEGE_TYPE                 VARCHAR ,
     *      IS_GRANTABLE                   VARCHAR ,
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b><p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of GRANTOR is the grantor of the privilege. The value of
     *      GRANTEE is the name of the ROLE.
     *
     * <li> The values of SPECIFIC_CATALOG, SPECIFIC_SCHEMA and
     *      SPECIFIC_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *      routine identifier, respectively, of the grant being
     *      described. <p>
     *
     * <li> The value of PRIVILEGE_TYPE is the type of the privilege, including
     *      'EXECUTE'.
     *      The value IS_GRANTABLE is 'YES' if the privilege is grantable. <p>
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table ROLE_ROUTINE_GRANTS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[ROLE_ROUTINE_GRANTS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[ROLE_ROUTINE_GRANTS]);

            addColumn(t, "GRANTOR", SQL_IDENTIFIER);          // not null
            addColumn(t, "GRANTEE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);          // not null
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "ROUTINE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ROUTINE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ROUTINE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "PRIVILEGE_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "IS_GRANTABLE", YES_OR_NO);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[ROLE_ROUTINE_GRANTS].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        Session sys = database.sessionManager.newSysSession(
            SqlInvariants.INFORMATION_SCHEMA_HSQLNAME, session.getUser());
        Result rs = sys.executeDirectStatement(
            "SELECT R.GRANTOR, R.GRANTEE, R.SPECIFIC_CATALOG, R.SPECIFIC_SCHEMA, "
            + "R.SPECIFIC_NAME, R.ROUTINE_CATALOG, R.ROUTINE_SCHEMA, R.ROUTINE_NAME, "
            + "R.PRIVILEGE_TYPE, R.IS_GRANTABLE "
            + "FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINE_PRIVILEGES R "
            + "JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.APPLICABLE_ROLES ON R.GRANTEE = ROLE_NAME;");

        t.insertSys(session, store, rs);
        sys.close();

        // Column number mappings
        final int grantor          = 0;
        final int grantee          = 1;
        final int table_name       = 2;
        final int specific_catalog = 3;
        final int specific_schema  = 4;
        final int specific_name    = 5;
        final int routine_catalog  = 6;
        final int routine_schema   = 7;
        final int routine_name     = 8;
        final int privilege_type   = 9;
        final int is_grantable     = 10;

        //
        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The ROLE_ROUTINE_GRANTS view has one row for each privilege granted to each
     * ROLE on each table. <p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b><p>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     *      GRANTOR                        VARCHAR ,
     *      GRANTEE                        VARCHAR ,
     *      TABLE_CATALOG                  VARCHAR ,
     *      TABLE_SCHEMA                   VARCHAR ,
     *      TABLE_NAME                     VARCHAR ,
     *      PRIVILEGE_TYPE                 VARCHAR ,
     *      IS_GRANTABLE                   VARCHAR ,
     *      WITH_HIERARCHY                 VARCHAR ,
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b><p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of GRANTOR is the grantor of the privilege. The value of
     *      GRANTEE is the name of the ROLE.
     *
     * <li> The values of TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA and
     *      TABLE_NAME are the catalog name, schema name and
     *      table name, respectively, of the table level grant being
     *      described. <p>
     *
     * <li> The value of PRIVILEGE_TYPE is the type of the privilege, including,
     *      'DELETE', 'SELECT', 'UPDATE', 'INSERT', 'REFERENCES' and 'TRIGGER'.
     *      The value IS_GRANTABLE is 'YES' if the privilege is grantable. <p>
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table ROLE_TABLE_GRANTS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[ROLE_TABLE_GRANTS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[ROLE_TABLE_GRANTS]);

            addColumn(t, "GRANTOR", SQL_IDENTIFIER);           // not null
            addColumn(t, "GRANTEE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);           // not null
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);        // not null
            addColumn(t, "PRIVILEGE_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "IS_GRANTABLE", YES_OR_NO);           // not null
            addColumn(t, "WITH_HIERARCHY", YES_OR_NO);

            // order:  TABLE_SCHEM, TABLE_NAME, and PRIVILEGE,
            // added for unique:  GRANTEE, GRANTOR,
            // false PK, as TABLE_SCHEM and/or TABLE_CAT may be null
            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[ROLE_TABLE_GRANTS].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                3, 4, 5, 0, 1
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        Session sys = database.sessionManager.newSysSession(
            SqlInvariants.INFORMATION_SCHEMA_HSQLNAME, session.getUser());
        Result rs = sys.executeDirectStatement(
            "SELECT T.GRANTOR, T.GRANTEE, T.TABLE_CATALOG, T.TABLE_SCHEMA, T.TABLE_NAME, "
            + "T.PRIVILEGE_TYPE, T.IS_GRANTABLE, 'NO' "
            + "FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_PRIVILEGES T "
            + "JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.APPLICABLE_ROLES ON T.GRANTEE = ROLE_NAME;");

        t.insertSys(session, store, rs);
        sys.close();

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The ROLE_UDT_GRANT view has one row for each privilege granted to each
     * user defined type. <p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b><p>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     *      GRANTOR                        VARCHAR ,
     *      GRANTEE                        VARCHAR ,
     *      UDT_CATALOG                    VARCHAR ,
     *      UDT_SCHEMA                     VARCHAR ,
     *      UDT_NAME                       VARCHAR ,
     *      PRIVILEGE_TYPE                 VARCHAR ,
     *      IS_GRANTABLE                   VARCHAR ,
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b><p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of GRANTOR is the grantor of the privilege. The value of
     *      GRANTEE is the name of the ROLE.
     *
     * <li> The values of UDT_CATALOG, UDT_SCHEMA and
     *      UDT_NAME are the catalog name, schema name and
     *      table name, respectively, of the table level grant being
     *      described. <p>
     *
     * <li> The value of PRIVILEGE_TYPE is the type of the privilege, including,
     *      'USAGE'.
     *      The value IS_GRANTABLE is 'YES' if the privilege is grantable. <p>
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table ROLE_UDT_GRANTS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[ROLE_UDT_GRANTS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[ROLE_UDT_GRANTS]);

            addColumn(t, "GRANTOR", SQL_IDENTIFIER);     // not null
            addColumn(t, "GRANTEE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);     // not null
            addColumn(t, "UDT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "UDT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "UDT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "PRIVILEGE_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "IS_GRANTABLE", YES_OR_NO);     // not null

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[ROLE_TABLE_GRANTS].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, null, false);

            return t;
        }

        Session sys = database.sessionManager.newSysSession(
            SqlInvariants.INFORMATION_SCHEMA_HSQLNAME, session.getUser());
        Result rs = sys.executeDirectStatement(
            "SELECT U.GRANTOR, U.GRANTEE, U.UDT_CATALOG, U.UDT_SCHEMA, U.UDT_NAME, "
            + "U.PRIVILEGE_TYPE, U.IS_GRANTABLE "
            + "FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.UDT_PRIVILEGES U "
            + "JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.APPLICABLE_ROLES ON U.GRANTEE = ROLE_NAME;");

        t.insertSys(session, store, rs);
        sys.close();

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The ROLE_USAGE_GRANTS view has one row for each privilege granted to each
     * ROLE on each table. <p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b><p>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     *      GRANTOR                        VARCHAR ,
     *      GRANTEE                        VARCHAR ,
     *      OBJECT_CATALOG                 VARCHAR ,
     *      OBJECT_SCHEMA                  VARCHAR ,
     *      OBJECT_NAME                    VARCHAR ,
     *      OBJECT_TYPE                    VARCHAR ,
     *      PRIVILEGE_TYPE                 VARCHAR ,
     *      IS_GRANTABLE                   VARCHAR ,
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b><p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of GRANTOR is the grantor of the privilege. The value of
     *      GRANTEE is the name of the ROLE.
     *
     * <li> The values of OBJECT_CATALOG, OBJECT_SCHEMA and
     *      OBJECT_NAME are the catalog name, schema name and
     *      table name, respectively, of the object being
     *      described. <p>
     * <li> The value of OBJECT_TYPE is they type of object, including 'DOMAIN', 'CHARACTER SET',
     *      'COLLATION', 'TRANSLATION' and 'SEQUENCE'.
     * <li> The value of PRIVILEGE_TYPE is the type of the privilege, including,
     *      'USAGE'.
     *      The value IS_GRANTABLE is 'YES' if the privilege is grantable. <p>
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table ROLE_USAGE_GRANTS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[ROLE_USAGE_GRANTS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[ROLE_USAGE_GRANTS]);

            addColumn(t, "GRANTOR", SQL_IDENTIFIER);        // not null
            addColumn(t, "GRANTEE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);        // not null
            addColumn(t, "OBJECT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "OBJECT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "OBJECT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "OBJECT_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "PRIVILEGE_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "IS_GRANTABLE", YES_OR_NO);        // not null

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[ROLE_USAGE_GRANTS].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        Session sys = database.sessionManager.newSysSession(
            SqlInvariants.INFORMATION_SCHEMA_HSQLNAME, session.getUser());
        Result rs = sys.executeDirectStatement(
            "SELECT U.GRANTOR, U.GRANTEE, U.OBJECT_CATALOG, U.OBJECT_SCHEMA, U.OBJECT_NAME, "
            + "U.OBJECT_TYPE, U.PRIVILEGE_TYPE, U.IS_GRANTABLE "
            + "FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.USAGE_PRIVILEGES U "
            + "JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.APPLICABLE_ROLES A ON U.GRANTEE = A.ROLE_NAME;");

        t.insertSys(session, store, rs);
        sys.close();

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The ROUTINE_COLUMN_USAGE view has one row for each column
     * referenced in the body of a routine.<p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b><p>
     *
     *      SPECIFIC_CATALOG    VARCHAR ,
     *      SPECIFIC_SCHEMA     VARCHAR ,
     *      SPECIFIC_NAME       VARCHAR ,
     *      ROUTINE_CATALOG     VARCHAR ,
     *      ROUTINE_SCHEMA      VARCHAR ,
     *      ROUTINE_NAME        VARCHAR ,
     *      TABLE_CATALOG       VARCHAR ,
     *      TABLE_SCHEMA        VARCHAR ,
     *      TABLE_NAME          VARCHAR ,
     *      COLUMN_NAME         VARCHAR ,
     *
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b> <p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of SPECIFIC_CATALOG, SPECIFIC_SCHEMA and
     *      SPECIFIC_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *      specific routine identifier, respectively, of the grant being
     *      described. <p>
     * <li> The values of TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, and
     *      COLUMN_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *      identifier, and column name, respectively, of a column
     *      reference in the routine body.<>
     *
     * <1i> Columns are reported only if the user or one of its roles is
     *      the authorization (owner) of the table.
     *
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table ROUTINE_COLUMN_USAGE(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[ROUTINE_COLUMN_USAGE];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[ROUTINE_COLUMN_USAGE]);

            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ROUTINE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ROUTINE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ROUTINE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLUMN_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[ROUTINE_COLUMN_USAGE].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                3, 4, 5, 0, 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int specific_catalog = 0;
        final int specific_schema  = 1;
        final int specific_name    = 2;
        final int routine_catalog  = 3;
        final int routine_schema   = 4;
        final int routine_name     = 5;
        final int table_catalog    = 6;
        final int table_schema     = 7;
        final int table_name       = 8;
        final int column_name      = 9;

        //
        Iterator it;
        Object[] row;

        it = database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(
            SchemaObject.SPECIFIC_ROUTINE);

        while (it.hasNext()) {
            Routine        routine = (Routine) it.next();
            OrderedHashSet set     = routine.getReferences();

            for (int i = 0; i < set.size(); i++) {
                HsqlName refName = (HsqlName) set.get(i);

                if (refName.type != SchemaObject.COLUMN) {
                    continue;
                }

                if (!session.getGrantee().isFullyAccessibleByRole(refName)) {
                    continue;
                }

                row = t.getEmptyRowData();

                //
                row[specific_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[specific_schema= routine.getSchemaName().name;
                row[specific_name]    = routine.getSpecificName().name;
                row[routine_catalog= database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[routine_schema]   = routine.getSchemaName().name;
                row[routine_name]     = routine.getName().name;
                row[table_catalog]    = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[table_schema]     = refName.parent.schema.name;
                row[table_name]       = refName.parent.name;
                row[column_name]      = refName.name;

                try {
                    t.insertSys(session, store, row);
                } catch (HsqlException e) {}
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The ROUTINE_PRIVILEGES view has one row for each privilege granted on
     * a PROCEDURE or CATALOG.
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     *      GRANTOR               VARCHAR ,
     *      GRANTEE               VARCHAR ,
     *      SPECIFIC_CATALOG      VARCHAR ,
     *      SPECIFIC_SCHEMA       VARCHAR ,
     *      SPECIFIC_NAME         VARCHAR ,
     *      ROUTINE_CATALOG       VARCHAR ,
     *      ROUTINE_SCHEMA        VARCHAR ,
     *      ROUTINE_NAME          VARCHAR ,
     *      PRIVILEGE_TYPE        VARCHAR ,
     *      IS_GRANTABLE          VARCHAR ,
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b> <p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of GRANTOR is the grantor of the privilege. The value of
     *      GRANTEE is the name of the grantee.
     *
     * <li> The values of SPECIFIC_CATALOG, SPECIFIC_SCHEMA and
     *      SPECIFIC_NAME are the catalog name, schema name
     *      and identifier, respectively, of the specific ROUTINE. <p>
     *
     * <li> The values of ROUTINE_CATALOG, ROUTINE_SCHEMA and
     *      ROUTINE_NAME are the catalog name, schema name
     *      and identifier, respectively, of the ROUTINE. <p>
     *
     * <li> The value of PRIVILEGE_TYPE is the type of the privilege, including,
     *      'EXECUTE'
     *      The value IS_GRANTABLE is 'YES' if the privilege is grantable. <p>
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table ROUTINE_PRIVILEGES(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[ROUTINE_PRIVILEGES];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[ROUTINE_PRIVILEGES]);

            addColumn(t, "GRANTOR", SQL_IDENTIFIER);           // not null
            addColumn(t, "GRANTEE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);           // not null
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);     // not null
            addColumn(t, "ROUTINE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ROUTINE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ROUTINE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);      // not null
            addColumn(t, "PRIVILEGE_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "IS_GRANTABLE", YES_OR_NO);           // not null

            //
            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[ROUTINE_PRIVILEGES].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int grantor          = 0;
        final int grantee          = 1;
        final int specific_catalog = 2;
        final int specific_schema  = 3;
        final int specific_name    = 4;
        final int routine_catalog  = 5;
        final int routine_schema   = 6;
        final int routine_name     = 7;
        final int privilege_type   = 8;
        final int is_grantable     = 9;

        //
        // calculated column values
        Grantee granteeObject;
        String  privilege;

        // intermediate holders
        Iterator       routines;
        Routine        routine;
        Object[]       row;
        OrderedHashSet grantees = session.getGrantee().visibleGrantees();

        routines = database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(
            SchemaObject.SPECIFIC_ROUTINE);

        while (routines.hasNext()) {
            routine = (Routine) routines.next();

            for (int i = 0; i < grantees.size(); i++) {
                granteeObject = (Grantee) grantees.get(i);

                OrderedHashSet rights =
                    granteeObject.getAllDirectPrivileges(routine);
                OrderedHashSet grants =
                    granteeObject.getAllGrantedPrivileges(routine);

                if (!grants.isEmpty()) {
                    grants.addAll(rights);

                    rights = grants;
                }

                for (int j = 0; j < rights.size(); j++) {
                    Right right          = (Right) rights.get(j);
                    Right grantableRight = right.getGrantableRights();

                    if (!right.canAccessFully(GrantConstants.EXECUTE)) {
                        continue;
                    }

                    privilege = Tokens.T_EXECUTE;
                    row       = t.getEmptyRowData();

                    //
                    row[grantor]          = right.getGrantor().getName().name;
                    row[grantee]          = right.getGrantee().getName().name;
                    row[specific_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                    row[specific_schema= routine.getSchemaName().name;
                    row[specific_name]    = routine.getSpecificName().name;
                    row[routine_catalog= database.getCatalogName().name;
                    row[routine_schema]   = routine.getSchemaName().name;
                    row[routine_name]     = routine.getName().name;
                    row[privilege_type]   = privilege;
                    row[is_grantable] =
                        right.getGrantee() == routine.getOwner()
                        || grantableRight.canAccessFully(
                            GrantConstants.EXECUTE) ? "YES"
                                                    : "NO";

                    try {
                        t.insertSys(session, store, row);
                    } catch (HsqlException e) {}
                }
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The ROUTINE_JAR_USAGE view has one row for each jar archive
     * referenced in the body of a Java routine.<p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b><p>
     *
     *      SPECIFIC_CATALOG    VARCHAR ,
     *      SPECIFIC_SCHEMA     VARCHAR ,
     *      SPECIFIC_NAME       VARCHAR ,
     *      JAR_CATALOG         VARCHAR ,
     *      JAR_SCHEMA          VARCHAR ,
     *      JAR_NAME            VARCHAR ,
     *
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b> <p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of SPECIFIC_CATALOG, SPECIFIC_SCHEMA and
     *      SPECIFIC_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *      specific routine identifier, respectively. <p>
     *
     * <li> The values of JAR_CATALOG, JAR_SCHEMA and JAR_NAME are
     *      the catalog name, schema name,
     *      identifier, and column name, respectively, of a jar
     *      reference in the routine body.<>
     *
     * <1i> Currently 'CLASSPATH' is reported for all entries.
     *
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table ROUTINE_JAR_USAGE(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[ROUTINE_JAR_USAGE];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[ROUTINE_JAR_USAGE]);

            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "JAR_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "JAR_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "JAR_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[ROUTINE_JAR_USAGE].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int specific_catalog = 0;
        final int specific_schema  = 1;
        final int specific_name    = 2;
        final int jar_catalog      = 3;
        final int jar_schema       = 4;
        final int jar_name         = 5;

        //
        Iterator it;
        Object[] row;

        if (!session.isAdmin()) {
            return t;
        }

        it = database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(
            SchemaObject.SPECIFIC_ROUTINE);

        while (it.hasNext()) {
            Routine routine = (Routine) it.next();

            if (routine.getLanguage() != Routine.LANGUAGE_JAVA) {
                continue;
            }

            row                   = t.getEmptyRowData();
            row[specific_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
            row[specific_schema= routine.getSchemaName().name;
            row[specific_name]    = routine.getSpecificName().name;
            row[jar_catalog]      = database.getCatalogName().name;
            row[jar_schema] =
                database.schemaManager.getSQLJSchemaHsqlName().name;
            row[jar_name] = "CLASSPATH";

            t.insertSys(session, store, row);
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The ROUTINE_ROUTINE_USAGE view has one row for each routine
     * referenced in the body of a routine.<p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b><p>
     *
     *      SPECIFIC_CATALOG    VARCHAR ,
     *      SPECIFIC_SCHEMA     VARCHAR ,
     *      SPECIFIC_NAME       VARCHAR ,
     *      ROUTINE_CATALOG     VARCHAR ,
     *      ROUTINE_SCHEMA      VARCHAR ,
     *      ROUTINE_NAME        VARCHAR ,
     *
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b> <p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of SPECIFIC_CATALOG, SPECIFIC_SCHEMA and
     *      SPECIFIC_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *      specific routine identifier, respectively, of the routine
     *      which contains the reference. <p>
     * <li> The values of ROUTINE_CATALOG, ROUTINE_SCHEMA and ROUTINE_NAME
     *      are the catalog name, schema name and
     *      identifier, respectively, of the routine that is referenced.<p>
     *
     * <1i> Referenced routines are reported only if the user or one of its roles is
     *      the authorization (owner) of the referenced routine.
     *
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table ROUTINE_ROUTINE_USAGE(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[ROUTINE_ROUTINE_USAGE];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[ROUTINE_ROUTINE_USAGE]);

            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ROUTINE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ROUTINE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ROUTINE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[ROUTINE_ROUTINE_USAGE].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int specific_catalog = 0;
        final int specific_schema  = 1;
        final int specific_name    = 2;
        final int routine_catalog  = 3;
        final int routine_schema   = 4;
        final int routine_name     = 5;

        //
        Iterator it;
        Object[] row;

        it = database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(
            SchemaObject.SPECIFIC_ROUTINE);

        while (it.hasNext()) {
            Routine        routine = (Routine) it.next();
            OrderedHashSet set     = routine.getReferences();

            for (int i = 0; i < set.size(); i++) {
                HsqlName refName = (HsqlName) set.get(i);

                if (refName.type != SchemaObject.SPECIFIC_ROUTINE) {
                    continue;
                }

                if (!session.getGrantee().isFullyAccessibleByRole(refName)) {
                    continue;
                }

                row                   = t.getEmptyRowData();
                row[specific_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[specific_schema= routine.getSchemaName().name;
                row[specific_name]    = routine.getSpecificName().name;
                row[routine_catalog= database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[routine_schema]   = refName.schema.name;
                row[routine_name]     = refName.name;

                try {
                    t.insertSys(session, store, row);
                } catch (HsqlException e) {}
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The ROUTINE_SEQUENCE_USAGE view has one row for each SEQUENCE
     * referenced in the body of a routine.<p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b><p>
     *
     *      SPECIFIC_CATALOG    VARCHAR ,
     *      SPECIFIC_SCHEMA     VARCHAR ,
     *      SPECIFIC_NAME       VARCHAR ,
     *      SEQUENCE_CATALOG    VARCHAR ,
     *      SEQUENCE_SCHEMA     VARCHAR ,
     *      SEQUENCE_NAME       VARCHAR ,
     *
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b> <p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of SPECIFIC_CATALOG, SPECIFIC_SCHEMA and
     *      SPECIFIC_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *      specific routine identifier, respectively, of the routine. <p>
     * <li> The values of SEQUENCE_CATALOG, SEQUENCE_SCHEMA and SEQUENCE_NAME
     *      are the catalog name, schema name and
     *      identifier, respectively, of a SEQUENCE
     *      reference in the routine body.<>
     *
     * <1i> Referenced sequences are reported only if the user or one of its roles is
     *      the authorization (owner) of the SEQUENCE.
     *
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table ROUTINE_SEQUENCE_USAGE(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[ROUTINE_SEQUENCE_USAGE];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[ROUTINE_SEQUENCE_USAGE]);

            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SEQUENCE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SEQUENCE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SEQUENCE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[ROUTINE_SEQUENCE_USAGE].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int specific_catalog = 0;
        final int specific_schema  = 1;
        final int specific_name    = 2;
        final int sequence_catalog = 3;
        final int sequence_schema  = 4;
        final int sequence_name    = 5;

        //
        Iterator it;
        Object[] row;

        it = database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(
            SchemaObject.SPECIFIC_ROUTINE);

        while (it.hasNext()) {
            Routine        routine = (Routine) it.next();
            OrderedHashSet set     = routine.getReferences();

            for (int i = 0; i < set.size(); i++) {
                HsqlName refName = (HsqlName) set.get(i);

                if (refName.type != SchemaObject.SEQUENCE) {
                    continue;
                }

                if (!session.getGrantee().isFullyAccessibleByRole(refName)) {
                    continue;
                }

                row                   = t.getEmptyRowData();
                row[specific_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[specific_schema= routine.getSchemaName().name;
                row[specific_name]    = routine.getSpecificName().name;
                row[sequence_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[sequence_schema= refName.schema.name;
                row[sequence_name]    = refName.name;

                try {
                    t.insertSys(session, store, row);
                } catch (HsqlException e) {}
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The ROUTINE_TABLE_USAGE view has one row for each TABLE
     * referenced in the body of a routine.<p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b><p>
     *
     *      SPECIFIC_CATALOG    VARCHAR ,
     *      SPECIFIC_SCHEMA     VARCHAR ,
     *      SPECIFIC_NAME       VARCHAR ,
     *      ROUTINE_CATALOG     VARCHAR ,
     *      ROUTINE_SCHEMA      VARCHAR ,
     *      ROUTINE_NAME        VARCHAR ,
     *      TABLE_CATALOG       VARCHAR ,
     *      TABLE_SCHEMA        VARCHAR ,
     *      TABLE_NAME          VARCHAR ,
     *
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b> <p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of SPECIFIC_CATALOG, SPECIFIC_SCHEMA and
     *      SPECIFIC_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *      specific routine identifier, respectively, of the routine. <p>
     * <li> The values of TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA and TABLE_NAME
     *      are the catalog name, schema name and
     *      identifier, respectively, of a TABLE
     *      reference in the routine body.<>
     *
     * <1i> Tables are reported only if the user or one of its roles is
     *      the authorization (owner) of the TABLE.
     *
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table ROUTINE_TABLE_USAGE(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[ROUTINE_TABLE_USAGE];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[ROUTINE_TABLE_USAGE]);

            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ROUTINE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ROUTINE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ROUTINE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[ROUTINE_TABLE_USAGE].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                3, 4, 5, 0, 1, 2, 6, 7, 8
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int specific_catalog = 0;
        final int specific_schema  = 1;
        final int specific_name    = 2;
        final int routine_catalog  = 3;
        final int routine_schema   = 4;
        final int routine_name     = 5;
        final int table_catalog    = 6;
        final int table_schema     = 7;
        final int table_name       = 8;

        //
        Iterator it;
        Object[] row;

        it = database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(
            SchemaObject.SPECIFIC_ROUTINE);

        while (it.hasNext()) {
            Routine        routine = (Routine) it.next();
            OrderedHashSet set     = routine.getReferences();

            for (int i = 0; i < set.size(); i++) {
                HsqlName refName = (HsqlName) set.get(i);

                if (refName.type != SchemaObject.TABLE
                        && refName.type != SchemaObject.VIEW) {
                    continue;
                }

                if (!session.getGrantee().isFullyAccessibleByRole(refName)) {
                    continue;
                }

                row                   = t.getEmptyRowData();
                row[specific_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[specific_schema= routine.getSchemaName().name;
                row[specific_name]    = routine.getSpecificName().name;
                row[routine_catalog= database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[routine_schema]   = routine.getSchemaName().name;
                row[routine_name]     = routine.getName().name;
                row[table_catalog]    = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[table_schema]     = refName.schema.name;
                row[table_name]       = refName.name;

                try {
                    t.insertSys(session, store, row);
                } catch (HsqlException e) {}
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The ROUTINES view has one row for each PROCEDURE and FUNCTION.<p>
     *
     */
    Table ROUTINES(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[ROUTINES];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[ROUTINES]);

            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ROUTINE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ROUTINE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ROUTINE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ROUTINE_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "MODULE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "MODULE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "MODULE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "UDT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "UDT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "UDT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DATA_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_SET_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLLATION_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLLATION_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);          //
            addColumn(t, "COLLATION_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "NUMERIC_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);        //
            addColumn(t, "NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "NUMERIC_SCALE", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "DATETIME_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "INTERVAL_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "INTERVAL_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "TYPE_UDT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TYPE_UDT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TYPE_UDT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SCOPE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SCOPE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SCOPE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);                //
            addColumn(t, "MAXIMUM_CARDINALITY", CARDINAL_NUMBER);      // (only for array tyes)
            addColumn(t, "DTD_IDENTIFIER", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ROUTINE_BODY", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "ROUTINE_DEFINITION", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "EXTERNAL_NAME", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "EXTERNAL_LANGUAGE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "PARAMETER_STYLE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "IS_DETERMINISTIC", YES_OR_NO);
            addColumn(t, "SQL_DATA_ACCESS", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "IS_NULL_CALL", YES_OR_NO);
            addColumn(t, "SQL_PATH", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "SCHEMA_LEVEL_ROUTINE", YES_OR_NO);           //
            addColumn(t, "MAX_DYNAMIC_RESULT_SETS", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "IS_USER_DEFINED_CAST", YES_OR_NO);
            addColumn(t, "IS_IMPLICITLY_INVOCABLE", YES_OR_NO);
            addColumn(t, "SECURITY_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "TO_SQL_SPECIFIC_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TO_SQL_SPECIFIC_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    //
            addColumn(t, "TO_SQL_SPECIFIC_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "AS_LOCATOR", YES_OR_NO);
            addColumn(t, "CREATED", TIME_STAMP);
            addColumn(t, "LAST_ALTERED", TIME_STAMP);
            addColumn(t, "NEW_SAVEPOINT_LEVEL", YES_OR_NO);
            addColumn(t, "IS_UDT_DEPENDENT", YES_OR_NO);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_FROM_DATA_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_AS_LOCATOR", YES_OR_NO);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_CHAR_MAX_LENGTH", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_CHAR_OCTET_LENGTH", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_CHAR_SET_CATALOG", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_CHAR_SET_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_CHARACTER_SET_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_COLLATION_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_COLLATION_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_COLLATION_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_NUMERIC_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_NUMERIC_RADIX", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_NUMERIC_SCALE", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_DATETIME_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_INTERVAL_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_INTERVAL_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_TYPE_UDT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_TYPE_UDT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_TYPE_UDT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_SCOPE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_SCOPE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_SCOPE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_MAX_CARDINALITY", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_DTD_IDENTIFIER", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "DECLARED_DATA_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "DECLARED_NUMERIC_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "DECLARED_NUMERIC_SCALE", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_FROM_DECLARED_DATA_TYPE",
                      CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_DECLARED_NUMERIC_PRECISION",
                      CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "RESULT_CAST_DECLARED_NUMERIC_SCALE",
                      CARDINAL_NUMBER);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[ROUTINES].name, false, SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                3, 4, 5, 0, 1, 2
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int specific_catalog                       = 0;
        final int specific_schema                        = 1;
        final int specific_name                          = 2;
        final int routine_catalog                        = 3;
        final int routine_schema                         = 4;
        final int routine_name                           = 5;
        final int routine_type                           = 6;
        final int module_catalog                         = 7;
        final int module_schema                          = 8;
        final int module_name                            = 9;
        final int udt_catalog                            = 10;
        final int udt_schema                             = 11;
        final int udt_name                               = 12;
        final int data_type                              = 13;
        final int character_maximum_length               = 14;
        final int character_octet_length                 = 15;
        final int character_set_catalog                  = 16;
        final int character_set_schema                   = 17;
        final int character_set_name                     = 18;
        final int collation_catalog                      = 19;
        final int collation_schema                       = 20;
        final int collation_name                         = 21;
        final int numeric_precision                      = 22;
        final int numeric_precision_radix                = 23;
        final int numeric_scale                          = 24;
        final int datetime_precision                     = 25;
        final int interval_type                          = 26;
        final int interval_precision                     = 27;
        final int type_udt_catalog                       = 28;
        final int type_udt_schema                        = 29;
        final int type_udt_name                          = 30;
        final int scope_catalog                          = 31;
        final int scope_schema                           = 32;
        final int scope_name                             = 33;
        final int maximum_cardinality                    = 34;
        final int dtd_identifier                         = 35;
        final int routine_body                           = 36;
        final int routine_definition                     = 37;
        final int external_name                          = 38;
        final int external_language                      = 39;
        final int parameter_style                        = 40;
        final int is_deterministic                       = 41;
        final int sql_data_access                        = 42;
        final int is_null_call                           = 43;
        final int sql_path                               = 44;
        final int schema_level_routine                   = 45;
        final int max_dynamic_result_sets                = 46;
        final int is_user_defined_cast                   = 47;
        final int is_implicitly_invocable                = 48;
        final int security_type                          = 49;
        final int to_sql_specific_catalog                = 50;
        final int to_sql_specific_schema                 = 51;
        final int to_sql_specific_name                   = 52;
        final int as_locator                             = 53;
        final int created                                = 54;
        final int last_altered                           = 55;
        final int new_savepoint_level                    = 56;
        final int is_udt_dependent                       = 57;
        final int result_cast_from_data_type             = 58;
        final int result_cast_as_locator                 = 59;
        final int result_cast_char_max_length            = 60;
        final int result_cast_char_octet_length          = 61;
        final int result_cast_char_set_catalog           = 62;
        final int result_cast_char_set_schema            = 63;
        final int result_cast_character_set_name         = 64;
        final int result_cast_collation_catalog          = 65;
        final int result_cast_collation_schema           = 66;
        final int result_cast_collation_name             = 67;
        final int result_cast_numeric_precision          = 68;
        final int result_cast_numeric_radix              = 69;
        final int result_cast_numeric_scale              = 70;
        final int result_cast_datetime_precision         = 71;
        final int result_cast_interval_type              = 72;
        final int result_cast_interval_precision         = 73;
        final int result_cast_type_udt_catalog           = 74;
        final int result_cast_type_udt_schema            = 75;
        final int result_cast_type_udt_name              = 76;
        final int result_cast_scope_catalog              = 77;
        final int result_cast_scope_schema               = 78;
        final int result_cast_scope_name                 = 79;
        final int result_cast_max_cardinality            = 80;
        final int result_cast_dtd_identifier             = 81;
        final int declared_data_type                     = 82;
        final int declared_numeric_precision             = 83;
        final int declared_numeric_scale                 = 84;
        final int result_cast_from_declared_data_type    = 85;
        final int result_cast_declared_numeric_precision = 86;
        final int result_cast_declared_numeric_scale     = 87;

        //
        Iterator it;
        Object[] row;

        it = database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(
            SchemaObject.SPECIFIC_ROUTINE);

        while (it.hasNext()) {
            Routine routine = (Routine) it.next();
            boolean isFullyAccessible;

            if (!session.getGrantee().isAccessible(routine)) {
                continue;
            }

            isFullyAccessible = session.getGrantee().isFullyAccessibleByRole(
                routine.getName());
            row = t.getEmptyRowData();

            Type type = routine.isProcedure() ? null
                                              : routine.getReturnType();

            //
            row[specific_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
            row[specific_schema= routine.getSchemaName().name;
            row[specific_name]    = routine.getSpecificName().name;
            row[routine_catalog= database.getCatalogName().name;
            row[routine_schema]   = routine.getSchemaName().name;
            row[routine_name]     = routine.getName().name;
            row[routine_type]     = routine.isProcedure() ? Tokens.T_PROCEDURE
                                                          : Tokens.T_FUNCTION;
            row[module_catalog]   = null;
            row[module_schema]    = null;
            row[module_name]      = null;
            row[udt_catalog]      = null;
            row[udt_schema]       = null;
            row[udt_name]         = null;
            row[data_type]        = type == null ? null
                                                 : type.getNameString();

            if (type != null) {

                // common type block
                if (type.isCharacterType()) {
                    row[character_maximum_length] =
                        ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                    row[character_octet_length] =
                        ValuePool.getLong(type.precision * 2);
                    row[character_set_catalog] =
                        database.getCatalogName().name;
                    row[character_set_schema] =
                        ((CharacterType) type).getCharacterSet()
                            .getSchemaName().name;
                    row[character_set_name] =
                        ((CharacterType) type).getCharacterSet().getName()
                            .name;
                    row[collation_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                    row[collation_schema] =
                        ((CharacterType) type).getCollation().getSchemaName()
                            .name;
                    row[collation_name] =
                        ((CharacterType) type).getCollation().getName().name;
                } else if (type.isNumberType()) {
                    row[numeric_precision] = ValuePool.getLong(
                        ((NumberType) type).getNumericPrecisionInRadix());
                    row[declared_numeric_precision] = ValuePool.getLong(
                        ((NumberType) type).getNumericPrecisionInRadix());

                    if (type.isExactNumberType()) {
                        row[numeric_scale] = row[declared_numeric_scale] =
                            ValuePool.getLong(type.scale);
                    }

                    row[numeric_precision_radix] =
                        ValuePool.getLong(type.getPrecisionRadix());
                } else if (type.isBooleanType()) {

                    //
                } else if (type.isDateTimeType()) {
                    row[datetime_precision] = ValuePool.getLong(type.scale);
                } else if (type.isIntervalType()) {
                    row[data_type] = "INTERVAL";
                    row[interval_type] =
                        ((IntervalType) type).getQualifier(type.typeCode);
                    row[interval_precision] =
                        ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                    row[datetime_precision] = ValuePool.getLong(type.scale);
                } else if (type.isBinaryType()) {
                    row[character_maximum_length] =
                        ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                    row[character_octet_length] =
                        ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                } else if (type.isBitType()) {
                    row[character_maximum_length] =
                        ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                    row[character_octet_length] =
                        ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                } else if (type.isArrayType()) {
                    row[maximum_cardinality] =
                        ValuePool.getLong(type.arrayLimitCardinality());
                    row[data_type] = "ARRAY";
                }

                row[dtd_identifier]     = type.getDefinition();
                row[declared_data_type] = row[data_type];

                // end common block
            }

            row[type_udt_catalog] = null;
            row[type_udt_schema= null;
            row[type_udt_name]    = null;
            row[scope_catalog]    = null;
            row[scope_schema]     = null;
            row[scope_name]       = null;
            row[routine_body] = routine.getLanguage() == Routine.LANGUAGE_JAVA
                                ? "EXTERNAL"
                                : "SQL";
            row[routine_definition] = isFullyAccessible ? routine.getSQL()
                                                        : null;
            row[external_name]      = routine.getExternalName();
            row[external_language] = routine.getLanguage()
                                     == Routine.LANGUAGE_JAVA ? "JAVA"
                                                              : null;
            row[parameter_style] = routine.getLanguage()
                                   == Routine.LANGUAGE_JAVA ? "JAVA"
                                                            : null;
            row[is_deterministic] = routine.isDeterministic() ? "YES"
                                                              : "NO";
            row[sql_data_access= routine.getDataImpactString();
            row[is_null_call]     = type == null ? null
                                                 : routine.isNullInputOutput()
                                                   ? "YES"
                                                   : "NO";
            row[sql_path]                               = null;
            row[schema_level_routine]                   = "YES";
            row[max_dynamic_result_sets]                = ValuePool.getLong(0);
            row[is_user_defined_cast]                   = type == null ? null
                                                                       : "NO";
            row[is_implicitly_invocable]                = null;
            row[security_type]                          = "DEFINER";
            row[to_sql_specific_catalog]                = null;
            row[to_sql_specific_schema]                 = null;
            row[to_sql_specific_name]                   = null;
            row[as_locator]                             = type == null ? null
                                                                       : "NO";
            row[created]                                = null;
            row[last_altered]                           = null;
            row[new_savepoint_level]                    = "YES";
            row[is_udt_dependent]                       = null;
            row[result_cast_from_data_type]             = null;
            row[result_cast_as_locator]                 = null;
            row[result_cast_char_max_length]            = null;
            row[result_cast_char_octet_length]          = null;
            row[result_cast_char_set_catalog]           = null;
            row[result_cast_char_set_schema]            = null;
            row[result_cast_character_set_name]         = null;
            row[result_cast_collation_catalog]          = null;
            row[result_cast_collation_schema]           = null;
            row[result_cast_collation_name]             = null;
            row[result_cast_numeric_precision]          = null;
            row[result_cast_numeric_radix]              = null;
            row[result_cast_numeric_scale]              = null;
            row[result_cast_datetime_precision]         = null;
            row[result_cast_interval_type]              = null;
            row[result_cast_interval_precision]         = null;
            row[result_cast_type_udt_catalog]           = null;
            row[result_cast_type_udt_schema]            = null;
            row[result_cast_type_udt_name]              = null;
            row[result_cast_scope_catalog]              = null;
            row[result_cast_scope_schema]               = null;
            row[result_cast_scope_name]                 = null;
            row[result_cast_max_cardinality]            = null;
            row[result_cast_dtd_identifier]             = null;
            row[declared_data_type]                     = row[data_type];
            row[declared_numeric_precision] = row[numeric_precision];
            row[declared_numeric_scale]                 = row[numeric_scale];
            row[result_cast_from_declared_data_type]    = null;
            row[result_cast_declared_numeric_precision] = null;
            row[result_cast_declared_numeric_scale]     = null;

            t.insertSys(session, store, row);
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The SCHEMATA view has one row for each accessible schema. <p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b><p>
     *
     *      CATALOG_NAME                       VARCHAR ,
     *      SCHEMA_NAME                        VARCHAR ,
     *      SCHEMA_OWNER                       VARCHAR ,
     *      DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG      VARCHAR ,
     *      DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA       VARCHAR ,
     *      DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_NAME         VARCHAR ,
     *      SQL_PATH                           VARCHAR ,
     *
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description</b><p>
     *
     * <ol>
     *      <li>The value of CATALOG_NAME is the name of the catalog of the
     *          schema described by this row.<p>
     *
     *      <li>The value of SCHEMA_NAME is the schema name of
     *          the schema described by this row.<p>
     *
     *      <li>The values of SCHEMA_OWNER are the authorization identifiers
     *          that own the schemata.<p>
     *
     *      <li>The values of DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG,
     *          DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA, and DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_NAME
     *          are the catalog name, schema name, and qualified
     *          identifier, respectively, of the default character set for
     *          columns and domains in the schemata.<p>
     *
     *      <li>Case:<p>
     *          <ul>
     *              <li>If &lt;schema path specification&gt; was specified in
     *                  the &lt;schema definition&gt; that defined the schema
     *                  described by this row and the character representation
     *                  of the &lt;schema path specification&gt; can be
     *                  represented without truncation, then the value of
     *                  SQL_PATH is that character representation.<p>
     *
     *              <li>Otherwise, the value of SQL_PATH is the null value.
     *         </ul>
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table SCHEMATA(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[SCHEMATA];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[SCHEMATA]);

            addColumn(t, "CATALOG_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SCHEMA_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SCHEMA_OWNER", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SQL_PATH", CHARACTER_DATA);

            // order: CATALOG_NAME, SCHEMA_NAME
            // false PK, as rows may have NULL CATALOG_NAME
            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[SCHEMATA].name, false, SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // Intermediate holders
        Schema[] schemas;
        Schema   schema;
        String   dcsSchema = SqlInvariants.INFORMATION_SCHEMA;
        String   dcsName   = "SQL_TEXT";
        String   sqlPath   = null;
        Grantee  user      = session.getGrantee();
        Object[] row;

        // column number mappings
        final int schema_catalog                = 0;
        final int schema_name                   = 1;
        final int schema_owner                  = 2;
        final int default_character_set_catalog = 3;
        final int default_character_set_schema  = 4;
        final int default_character_set_name    = 5;
        final int sql_path                      = 6;

        // Initialization
        schemas = database.schemaManager.getAllSchemas();

        // Do it.
        for (int i = 0; i < schemas.length; i++) {
            schema = schemas[i];

            if (!user.hasSchemaUpdateOrGrantRights(
                    schema.getName().getNameString())) {
                continue;
            }

            row                 = t.getEmptyRowData();
            row[schema_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
            row[schema_name]    = schema.getName().getNameString();
            row[schema_owner]   = schema.getOwner().getName().getNameString();
            row[default_character_set_catalog] =
                database.getCatalogName().name;
            row[default_character_set_schema] = dcsSchema;
            row[default_character_set_name]   = dcsName;
            row[sql_path]                     = sqlPath;

            t.insertSys(session, store, row);
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The SQL_FEATURES view lists the individual features of the SQL Standard
     * supported by HyperSQL.<p>
     *
     */
    Table SQL_FEATURES(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[SQL_FEATURES];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[SQL_FEATURES]);

            addColumn(t, "FEATURE_ID", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "FEATURE_NAME", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "SUB_FEATURE_ID", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "SUB_FEATURE_NAME", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "IS_SUPPORTED", YES_OR_NO);
            addColumn(t, "IS_VERIFIED_BY", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "COMMENTS", CHARACTER_DATA);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[SQL_FEATURES].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 2
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        Session sys = database.sessionManager.newSysSession(
            SqlInvariants.INFORMATION_SCHEMA_HSQLNAME, session.getUser());
        String sql = (String) statementMap.get("/*sql_features*/");
        Result rs  = sys.executeDirectStatement(sql);

        t.insertSys(session, store, rs);

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The SQL_IMPLEMENTATION_INFO shows some properties and capabilities
     * of the database engine .<p>
     *
     */
    Table SQL_IMPLEMENTATION_INFO(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[SQL_IMPLEMENTATION_INFO];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[SQL_IMPLEMENTATION_INFO]);

            addColumn(t, "IMPLEMENTATION_INFO_ID", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "IMPLEMENTATION_INFO_NAME", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "INTEGER_VALUE", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_VALUE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "COMMENTS", CHARACTER_DATA);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[SQL_IMPLEMENTATION_INFO].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[]{ 0 }, false);

            return t;
        }

        Session sys = database.sessionManager.newSysSession(
            SqlInvariants.INFORMATION_SCHEMA_HSQLNAME, session.getUser());
        String sql = (String) statementMap.get("/*sql_implementation_info*/");
        Result rs  = sys.executeDirectStatement(sql);

        t.insertSys(session, store, rs);

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The SQL_PACHAGES view lists the packages of the SQL Standard supported by
     * HyperSQL.<p>
     *
     */
    Table SQL_PACKAGES(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[SQL_PACKAGES];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[SQL_PACKAGES]);

            addColumn(t, "ID", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "NAME", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "IS_SUPPORTED", YES_OR_NO);
            addColumn(t, "IS_VERIFIED_BY", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "COMMENTS", CHARACTER_DATA);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[SQL_PACKAGES].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[]{ 0 }, false);

            return t;
        }

        Session sys = database.sessionManager.newSysSession(
            SqlInvariants.INFORMATION_SCHEMA_HSQLNAME, session.getUser());
        String sql = (String) statementMap.get("/*sql_packages*/");
        Result rs  = sys.executeDirectStatement(sql);

        t.insertSys(session, store, rs);

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The SQL_PARTS view lists the parts of the SQL Standard supported by
     * HyperSQL.<p>
     *
     */
    Table SQL_PARTS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[SQL_PARTS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[SQL_PARTS]);

            addColumn(t, "PART", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "NAME", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "IS_SUPPORTED", YES_OR_NO);
            addColumn(t, "IS_VERIFIED_BY", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "COMMENTS", CHARACTER_DATA);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[SQL_PARTS].name, false, SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[]{ 0 }, false);

            return t;
        }

        Session sys = database.sessionManager.newSysSession(
            SqlInvariants.INFORMATION_SCHEMA_HSQLNAME, session.getUser());
        String sql = (String) statementMap.get("/*sql_parts*/");
        Result rs  = sys.executeDirectStatement(sql);

        t.insertSys(session, store, rs);

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The SQL_SIZING view has one row for the maximum size of each built in
     * type supported by HyperSQL.<p>
     *
     */
    Table SQL_SIZING(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[SQL_SIZING];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[SQL_SIZING]);

            addColumn(t, "SIZING_ID", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "SIZING_NAME", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "SUPPORTED_VALUE", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "COMMENTS", CHARACTER_DATA);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[SQL_SIZING].name, false, SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[]{ 0 }, false);

            return t;
        }

        Session sys = database.sessionManager.newSysSession(
            SqlInvariants.INFORMATION_SCHEMA_HSQLNAME, session.getUser());
        String sql = (String) statementMap.get("/*sql_sizing*/");
        Result rs  = sys.executeDirectStatement(sql);

        t.insertSys(session, store, rs);

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The SQL_SIZING_PROFILES is empty.<p>
     *
     */
    Table SQL_SIZING_PROFILES(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[SQL_SIZING_PROFILES];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[SQL_SIZING_PROFILES]);

            addColumn(t, "SIZING_ID", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "SIZING_NAME", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "PROFILE_ID", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "PROFILE_NAME", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "REQUIRED_VALUE", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "COMMENTS", CHARACTER_DATA);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[SQL_SIZING_PROFILES].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[]{ 0 }, false);

            return t;
        }

        Session sys = database.sessionManager.newSysSession(
            SqlInvariants.INFORMATION_SCHEMA_HSQLNAME, session.getUser());

        /*
                Result rs = sys.executeDirectStatement(
                    "VALUES "
                    + ";");

                t.insertSys(session, store, rs);
        */
        return t;
    }

    /**
     * The TABLE_CONSTRAINTS table has one row for each table constraint
     * associated with a table.  <p>
     *
     * It effectively contains a representation of the table constraint
     * descriptors. <p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b> <p>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     * CREATE TABLE SYSTEM_TABLE_CONSTRAINTS (
     *      CONSTRAINT_CATALOG      VARCHAR NULL,
     *      CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA       VARCHAR NULL,
     *      CONSTRAINT_NAME         VARCHAR NOT NULL,
     *      CONSTRAINT_TYPE         VARCHAR NOT NULL,
     *      TABLE_CATALOG           VARCHAR NULL,
     *      TABLE_SCHEMA            VARCHAR NULL,
     *      TABLE_NAME              VARCHAR NOT NULL,
     *      IS_DEFERRABLE           VARCHAR NOT NULL,
     *      INITIALLY_DEFERRED      VARCHAR NOT NULL,
     *
     *      CHECK ( CONSTRAINT_TYPE IN
     *                      ( 'UNIQUE', 'PRIMARY KEY',
     *                        'FOREIGN KEY', 'CHECK' ) ),
     *
     *      CHECK ( ( IS_DEFERRABLE, INITIALLY_DEFERRED ) IN
     *              ( VALUES ( 'NO',  'NO'  ),
     *                       ( 'YES', 'NO'  ),
     *                       ( 'YES', 'YES' ) ) )
     * )
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b> <p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of CONSTRAINT_CATALOG, CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA, and
     *      CONSTRAINT_NAME are the catalog name, schema
     *      name, and identifier, respectively, of the
     *      constraint being described. If the &lt;table constraint
     *      definition&gt; or &lt;add table constraint definition&gt;
     *      that defined the constraint did not specify a
     *      &lt;constraint name&gt;, then the values of CONSTRAINT_CATALOG,
     *      CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA, and CONSTRAINT_NAME are
     *      implementation-defined. <p>
     *
     * <li> The values of CONSTRAINT_TYPE have the following meanings: <p>
     <table border cellpadding="3">
     <tr>
     *      <td nowrap>FOREIGN KEY</td>
     *      <td nowrap>The constraint being described is a
     *                 foreign key constraint.</td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     *      <td nowrap>UNIQUE</td>
     *      <td nowrap>The constraint being described is a
     *                 unique constraint.</td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     *      <td nowrap>PRIMARY KEY</td>
     *      <td nowrap>The constraint being described is a
     *                 primary key constraint.</td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     *      <td nowrap>CHECK</td>
     *      <td nowrap>The constraint being described is a
     *                 check constraint.</td>
     </tr>
     * </table> <p>
     *
     * <li> The values of TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, and TABLE_NAME are
     *      the catalog name, the schema name, and the
     *      name of the table to which the
     *      table constraint being described applies. <p>
     *
     * <li> The values of IS_DEFERRABLE have the following meanings: <p>
     *
     *  <table>
     *      <tr>
     *          <td nowrap>YES</td>
     *          <td nowrap>The table constraint is deferrable.</td>
     *      </tr>
     *      <tr>
     *          <td nowrap>NO</td>
     *          <td nowrap>The table constraint is not deferrable.</td>
     *      </tr>
     </table> <p>
     *
     * <li> The values of INITIALLY_DEFERRED have the following meanings: <p>
     *
     *  <table>
     *      <tr>
     *          <td nowrap>YES</td>
     *          <td nowrap>The table constraint is initially deferred.</td>
     *      </tr>
     *      <tr>
     *          <td nowrap>NO</td>
     *          <td nowrap>The table constraint is initially immediate.</td>
     *      </tr>
     </table> <p>
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table TABLE_CONSTRAINTS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[TABLE_CONSTRAINTS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[TABLE_CONSTRAINTS]);

            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "CONSTRAINT_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);         // not null
            addColumn(t, "IS_DEFERRABLE", YES_OR_NO);           // not null
            addColumn(t, "INITIALLY_DEFERRED", YES_OR_NO);      // not null

            // false PK, as CONSTRAINT_CATALOG, CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA,
            // TABLE_CATALOG and/or TABLE_SCHEMA may be null
            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[TABLE_CONSTRAINTS].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // Intermediate holders
        Iterator     tables;
        Table        table;
        Constraint[] constraints;
        int          constraintCount;
        Constraint   constraint;
        String       cat;
        String       schem;
        Object[]     row;

        // column number mappings
        final int constraint_catalog = 0;
        final int constraint_schema  = 1;
        final int constraint_name    = 2;
        final int constraint_type    = 3;
        final int table_catalog      = 4;
        final int table_schema       = 5;
        final int table_name         = 6;
        final int is_deferable       = 7;
        final int initially_deferred = 8;

        // initialization
        tables =
            database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(SchemaObject.TABLE);
        table = null;    // else compiler complains

        // do it
        while (tables.hasNext()) {
            table = (Table) tables.next();

            /** requires any INSERT or UPDATE or DELETE or REFERENCES or TRIGGER, (not SELECT) right */
            if (table.isView()
                    || !session.getGrantee().hasNonSelectTableRight(table)) {
                continue;
            }

            constraints     = table.getConstraints();
            constraintCount = constraints.length;

            for (int i = 0; i < constraintCount; i++) {
                constraint = constraints[i];
                row        = t.getEmptyRowData();

                switch (constraint.getConstraintType()) {

                    case SchemaObject.ConstraintTypes.CHECK : {
                        row[constraint_type] = "CHECK";

                        break;
                    }
                    case SchemaObject.ConstraintTypes.UNIQUE : {
                        row[constraint_type] = "UNIQUE";

                        break;
                    }
                    case SchemaObject.ConstraintTypes.FOREIGN_KEY : {
                        row[constraint_type] = "FOREIGN KEY";
                        table                = constraint.getRef();

                        break;
                    }
                    case SchemaObject.ConstraintTypes.PRIMARY_KEY : {
                        row[constraint_type] = "PRIMARY KEY";

                        break;
                    }
                    case SchemaObject.ConstraintTypes.MAIN :
                    default : {
                        continue;
                    }
                }

                cat                     = database.getCatalogName().name;
                schem                   = table.getSchemaName().name;
                row[constraint_catalog] = cat;
                row[constraint_schema= schem;
                row[constraint_name]    = constraint.getName().name;
                row[table_catalog]      = cat;
                row[table_schema]       = schem;
                row[table_name]         = table.getName().name;
                row[is_deferable]       = Tokens.T_NO;
                row[initially_deferred] = Tokens.T_NO;

                t.insertSys(session, store, row);
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The TRANSLATIONS view has one row for each translation between two
     * character sets.<p>
     *
     */
    Table TRANSLATIONS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[TRANSLATIONS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[TRANSLATIONS]);

            addColumn(t, "TRANSLATION_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TRANSLATION_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TRANSLATION_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SOURCE_CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SOURCE_CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SOURCE_CHARACTER_SET_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TARGET_CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TARGET_CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TARGET_CHARACTER_SET_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TRANSLATION_SOURCE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TRANSLATION_SOURCE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TRANSLATION_SOURCE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[TRANSLATIONS].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The TRIGGER_COLUMN_USAGE view has one row for each column
     * referenced in the body of a trigger.<p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b><p>
     *
     *      TRIGGER_CATALOG     VARCHAR ,
     *      TRIGGER_SCHEMA      VARCHAR ,
     *      TRIGGER_NAME        VARCHAR ,
     *      TABLE_CATALOG       VARCHAR ,
     *      TABLE_SCHEMA        VARCHAR ,
     *      TABLE_NAME          VARCHAR ,
     *      COLUMN_NAME         VARCHAR ,
     *
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b> <p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of TRIGGER_CATALOG, TRIGGER_SCHEMA and
     *      TRIGGER_NAME are the catalog name, schema name and
     *      identifier, respectively, of the trigger. <p>
     * <li> The values of TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, and
     *      COLUMN_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *      identifier, and column name, respectively, of a column
     *      reference in the trigger body.<>
     *
     * <1i> Columns are reported only if the user or one of its roles is
     *      the authorization (owner) of the TRIGGER.
     *
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table TRIGGER_COLUMN_USAGE(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[TRIGGER_COLUMN_USAGE];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[TRIGGER_COLUMN_USAGE]);

            addColumn(t, "TRIGGER_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TRIGGER_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TRIGGER_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);      // not null
            addColumn(t, "COLUMN_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);     // not null

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[TRIGGER_COLUMN_USAGE].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int trigger_catalog = 0;
        final int trigger_schema  = 1;
        final int trigger_name    = 2;
        final int table_catalog   = 3;
        final int table_schema    = 4;
        final int table_name      = 5;
        final int column_name     = 6;

        //
        Iterator it;
        Object[] row;

        it = database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(
            SchemaObject.TRIGGER);

        while (it.hasNext()) {
            TriggerDef trigger = (TriggerDef) it.next();

            if (!session.getGrantee().isFullyAccessibleByRole(
                    trigger.getName())) {
                continue;
            }

            OrderedHashSet set = trigger.getReferences();

            for (int i = 0; i < set.size(); i++) {
                HsqlName refName = (HsqlName) set.get(i);

                if (refName.type != SchemaObject.COLUMN) {
                    continue;
                }

                if (!session.getGrantee().isAccessible(refName)) {
                    continue;
                }

                row = t.getEmptyRowData();

                //
                row[trigger_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[trigger_schema= trigger.getSchemaName().name;
                row[trigger_name]    = trigger.getName().name;
                row[table_catalog]   = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[table_schema]    = refName.parent.schema.name;
                row[table_name]      = refName.parent.name;
                row[column_name]     = refName.name;

                try {
                    t.insertSys(session, store, row);
                } catch (HsqlException e) {}
            }
        }

        // Initialization
        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The TRIGGER_ROUTINE_USAGE view has one row for each routine
     * referenced in the body of a trigger.<p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b><p>
     *
     *      TRIGGER_CATALOG     VARCHAR ,
     *      TRIGGER_SCHEMA      VARCHAR ,
     *      TRIGGER_NAME        VARCHAR ,
     *      SPECIFIC_CATALOG    VARCHAR ,
     *      SPECIFIC_SCHEMA     VARCHAR ,
     *      SPECIFIC_NAME       VARCHAR ,
     *
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b> <p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of TRIGGER_CATALOG, TRIGGER_SCHEMA and TRIGGER_NAME
     *      are the catalog name, schema name and
     *      identifier, respectively, of the TRIGGER.<p>
     * <li> The values of SPECIFIC_CATALOG, SPECIFIC_SCHEMA and
     *      SPECIFIC_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *      specific routine identifier, respectively, of the routine
     *      that is referenced. <p>
     *
     * <1i> Referenced routines are reported only if the user or one of its roles is
     *      the authorization (owner) of the TRIGGER.
     *
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table TRIGGER_ROUTINE_USAGE(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[TRIGGER_ROUTINE_USAGE];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[TRIGGER_ROUTINE_USAGE]);

            addColumn(t, "TRIGGER_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TRIGGER_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TRIGGER_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);     // not null
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[TRIGGER_ROUTINE_USAGE].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int trigger_catalog  = 0;
        final int trigger_schema   = 1;
        final int trigger_name     = 2;
        final int specific_catalog = 3;
        final int specific_schema  = 4;
        final int specific_name    = 5;

        //
        Iterator it;
        Object[] row;

        it = database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(
            SchemaObject.TRIGGER);

        while (it.hasNext()) {
            TriggerDef trigger = (TriggerDef) it.next();

            if (!session.getGrantee().isFullyAccessibleByRole(
                    trigger.getName())) {
                continue;
            }

            OrderedHashSet set = trigger.getReferences();

            for (int i = 0; i < set.size(); i++) {
                HsqlName refName = (HsqlName) set.get(i);

                if (refName.type != SchemaObject.SPECIFIC_ROUTINE) {
                    continue;
                }

                row                   = t.getEmptyRowData();
                row[trigger_catalog= database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[trigger_schema]   = trigger.getSchemaName().name;
                row[trigger_name]     = trigger.getName().name;
                row[specific_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[specific_schema= refName.schema.name;
                row[specific_name]    = refName.name;

                try {
                    t.insertSys(session, store, row);
                } catch (HsqlException e) {}
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The TRIGGER_SEQUENCE_USAGE view has one row for each SEQUENCE
     * referenced in the body of a trigger.<p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b><p>
     *
     *      TRIGGER_CATALOG     VARCHAR ,
     *      TRIGGER_SCHEMA      VARCHAR ,
     *      TRIGGER_NAME        VARCHAR ,
     *      SEQUENCE_CATALOG    VARCHAR ,
     *      SEQUENCE_SCHEMA     VARCHAR ,
     *      SEQUENCE_NAME       VARCHAR ,
     *
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b> <p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of TRIGGER_CATALOG, TRIGGER_SCHEMA and TRIGGER_NAME
     *      are the catalog name, schema name and
     *      identifier, respectively, of the TRIGGER.<p>
     * <li> The values of SEQUENCE_CATALOG, SEQUENCE_SCHEMA and
     *      SEQUENCE_NAME are the catalog name, schema name and
     *      identifier, respectively, of the SEQUENCE
     *      that is referenced. <p>
     *
     * <1i> Referenced sequences are reported only if the user or one of its roles is
     *      the authorization (owner) of the TRIGGER.
     *
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table TRIGGER_SEQUENCE_USAGE(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[TRIGGER_SEQUENCE_USAGE];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[TRIGGER_SEQUENCE_USAGE]);

            addColumn(t, "TRIGGER_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TRIGGER_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TRIGGER_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);     // not null
            addColumn(t, "SEQUENCE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SEQUENCE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SEQUENCE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[TRIGGER_SEQUENCE_USAGE].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int trigger_catalog  = 0;
        final int trigger_schema   = 1;
        final int trigger_name     = 2;
        final int sequence_catalog = 3;
        final int sequence_schema  = 4;
        final int sequence_name    = 5;

        //
        Iterator it;
        Object[] row;

        it = database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(
            SchemaObject.TRIGGER);

        while (it.hasNext()) {
            TriggerDef trigger = (TriggerDef) it.next();

            if (!session.getGrantee().isFullyAccessibleByRole(
                    trigger.getName())) {
                continue;
            }

            OrderedHashSet set = trigger.getReferences();

            for (int i = 0; i < set.size(); i++) {
                HsqlName refName = (HsqlName) set.get(i);

                if (refName.type != SchemaObject.SEQUENCE) {
                    continue;
                }

                row                   = t.getEmptyRowData();
                row[trigger_catalog= database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[trigger_schema]   = trigger.getSchemaName().name;
                row[trigger_name]     = trigger.getName().name;
                row[sequence_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[sequence_schema= refName.schema.name;
                row[sequence_name]    = refName.name;

                try {
                    t.insertSys(session, store, row);
                } catch (HsqlException e) {}
            }
        }

        // Initialization
        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The TRIGGER_TABLE_USAGE view has one row for each TABLE
     * referenced in the body of a trigger.<p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b><p>
     *
     *      TRIGGER_CATALOG     VARCHAR ,
     *      TRIGGER_SCHEMA      VARCHAR ,
     *      TRIGGER_NAME        VARCHAR ,
     *      TABLE_CATALOG       VARCHAR ,
     *      TABLE_SCHEMA        VARCHAR ,
     *      TABLE_NAME          VARCHAR ,
     *
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b> <p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of TRIGGER_CATALOG, TRIGGER_SCHEMA and TRIGGER_NAME
     *      are the catalog name, schema name and
     *      identifier, respectively, of the TRIGGER.<p>
     * <li> The values of TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA and
     *      TABLE_NAME are the catalog name, schema name and
     *      identifier, respectively, of the TABLE
     *      that is referenced. <p>
     *
     * <1i> Referenced tables are reported only if the user or one of its roles is
     *      the authorization (owner) of the TRIGGER.
     *
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table TRIGGER_TABLE_USAGE(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[TRIGGER_TABLE_USAGE];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[TRIGGER_TABLE_USAGE]);

            addColumn(t, "TRIGGER_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TRIGGER_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TRIGGER_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);      // not null

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[TRIGGER_TABLE_USAGE].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int trigger_catalog = 0;
        final int trigger_schema  = 1;
        final int trigger_name    = 2;
        final int table_catalog   = 3;
        final int table_schema    = 4;
        final int table_name      = 5;

        //
        Iterator it;
        Object[] row;

        it = database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(
            SchemaObject.TRIGGER);

        while (it.hasNext()) {
            TriggerDef trigger = (TriggerDef) it.next();

            if (!session.getGrantee().isFullyAccessibleByRole(
                    trigger.getName())) {
                continue;
            }

            OrderedHashSet set = trigger.getReferences();

            for (int i = 0; i < set.size(); i++) {
                HsqlName refName = (HsqlName) set.get(i);

                if (refName.type != SchemaObject.TABLE
                        && refName.type != SchemaObject.VIEW) {
                    continue;
                }

                row                  = t.getEmptyRowData();
                row[trigger_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[trigger_schema= trigger.getSchemaName().name;
                row[trigger_name]    = trigger.getName().name;
                row[table_catalog]   = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[table_schema]    = refName.schema.name;
                row[table_name]      = refName.name;

                try {
                    t.insertSys(session, store, row);
                } catch (HsqlException e) {}
            }
        }

        // Initialization
        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The TRIGGERS view has one row for each TRIGGER.<p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b><p>
     *
     *      TRIGGER_CATALOG               VARCHAR ,
     *      TRIGGER_SCHEMA                VARCHAR ,
     *      TRIGGER_NAME                  VARCHAR ,
     *      EVENT_MANIPULATION            VARCHAR ,
     *      EVENT_OBJECT_CATALOG          VARCHAR ,
     *      EVENT_OBJECT_SCHEMA           VARCHAR ,
     *      EVENT_OBJECT_TABLE            VARCHAR ,
     *      ACTION_ORDER                  VARCHAR ,
     *      ACTION_CONDITION              VARCHAR ,
     *      ACTION_STATEMENT              VARCHAR ,
     *      ACTION_ORIENTATION            VARCHAR ,
     *      ACTION_TIMING_                VARCHAR ,
     *      ACTION_REFERENCE_OLD_TABLE    VARCHAR ,
     *      ACTION_REFERENCE_NEW_TABLE    VARCHAR ,
     *      ACTION_REFERENCE_OLD_ROW      VARCHAR ,
     *      ACTION_REFERENCE_NEW_ROW      VARCHAR ,
     *      CREATED                       VARCHAR ,
     *
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b> <p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of TRIGGER_CATALOG, TRIGGER_SCHEMA and TRIGGER_NAME
     *      are the catalog name, schema name and
     *      identifier, respectively, of the TRIGGER.<p>
     * <li> The value of EVENT_MANUPULATION indicates for which action the
     *      trigger is fired: 'INSERT', 'UPDATE' or 'DELETE'.
     * <li> The values of EVENT_OBJECT_CATALOG, EVENT_OBJECT_SCHEMA and
     *      EVENT_OBJECT_NAME are the catalog name, schema name and
     *      identifier, respectively, of the trigger TABLE. <p>
     * <li> The value of ACTION_ORDER indicates the ordinal position of the
     *      trigger is firing event, among all the triggers of the same
     *      ACTION_ORIENTATION and ACTION_TIMING.
     * <li> The value of ACTION_CONDITION is the text of the SQL expression in
     *     t he optional WHEN condition.
     * <li> The value of ACTION_STATEMENT is the text of the SQL statement(s)
     *      executed by the trigger.
     * <li> The value of ACTION_ORIENTATION indicates whether the trigger is
     *      fired once per each 'STATEMENT' or per each 'ROW'.
     * <li> The value of ACTION_TIMING indicates when the trigger is
     *      trigger is fired: 'BEFORE', 'AFTER' or 'INSTEAD OF'.
     * <li> The value of ACTION_REFERENCING_OLD_TABLE contains the name of the
     *      OLD TABLE transition table.
     * <li> The value of ACTION_REFERENCING_NEW_TABLE contains the name of the
     *      NEW TABLE transition table.
     * <li> The value of ACTION_REFERENCING_OLD_ROW contains the name of the
     *      OLD ROW.
     * <li> The value of ACTION_REFERENCING_NEW_ROW contains the name of the
     *      NEW ROW.
     * <li> The value of CREATED contains the timestamp of the creation of the
     *      trigger. Currently NULL.
     * <1i> Triggers are reported only if the user or one of its roles has
     *      some privilege on at least one column of the trigger table.
     * <li> The ACTION_CONDITION and ACTION_STATEMENT columns show the SQL only
     *      if the user or one of its roles is the authorization (owner) of the
     *      trigger table.
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table TRIGGERS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[TRIGGERS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[TRIGGERS]);

            addColumn(t, "TRIGGER_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TRIGGER_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TRIGGER_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "EVENT_MANIPULATION", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "EVENT_OBJECT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "EVENT_OBJECT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "EVENT_OBJECT_TABLE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ACTION_ORDER", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "ACTION_CONDITION", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "ACTION_STATEMENT", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "ACTION_ORIENTATION", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "ACTION_TIMING", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "ACTION_REFERENCE_OLD_TABLE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ACTION_REFERENCE_NEW_TABLE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ACTION_REFERENCE_OLD_ROW", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ACTION_REFERENCE_NEW_ROW", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CREATED", TIME_STAMP);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[TRIGGERS].name, false, SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int trigger_catalog            = 0;
        final int trigger_schema             = 1;
        final int trigger_name               = 2;
        final int event_manipulation         = 3;
        final int event_object_catalog       = 4;
        final int event_object_schema        = 5;
        final int event_object_table         = 6;
        final int action_order               = 7;
        final int action_condition           = 8;
        final int action_statement           = 9;
        final int action_orientation         = 10;
        final int action_timing              = 11;
        final int action_reference_old_table = 12;
        final int action_reference_new_table = 13;
        final int action_reference_old_row   = 14;
        final int action_reference_new_row   = 15;
        final int created                    = 16;

        //
        Iterator it;
        Object[] row;

        it = database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(
            SchemaObject.TRIGGER);

        while (it.hasNext()) {
            TriggerDef trigger = (TriggerDef) it.next();
            boolean isFullAccess =
                session.getGrantee().isFullyAccessibleByRole(
                    trigger.getName());

            if (!session.getGrantee().hasNonSelectTableRight(
                    trigger.getTable())) {
                continue;
            }

            row                       = t.getEmptyRowData();
            row[trigger_catalog]      = database.getCatalogName().name;
            row[trigger_schema]       = trigger.getSchemaName().name;
            row[trigger_name]         = trigger.getName().name;
            row[event_manipulation]   = trigger.getEventTypeString();
            row[event_object_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
            row[event_object_schema] = trigger.getTable().getSchemaName().name;
            row[event_object_table]   = trigger.getTable().getName().name;

            int order =
                trigger.getTable().getTriggerIndex(trigger.getName().name);

            row[action_order]       = ValuePool.getLong(order);
            row[action_condition]   = isFullAccess ? trigger.getConditionSQL()
                                                   : null;
            row[action_statement]   = isFullAccess ? trigger.getProcedureSQL()
                                                   : null;
            row[action_orientation] = trigger.getActionOrientationString();
            row[action_timing]      = trigger.getActionTimingString();
            row[action_reference_old_table] =
                trigger.getOldTransitionTableName();
            row[action_reference_new_table] =
                trigger.getNewTransitionTableName();
            row[action_reference_old_row] = trigger.getOldTransitionRowName();
            row[action_reference_new_row] = trigger.getNewTransitionRowName();
            row[created]                  = null;

            t.insertSys(session, store, row);
        }

        // Initialization
        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The TRIGGERED_UPDATE_COLUMNS view has one row for each column
     * referenced in the optional column list of a UPDATE trigger.<p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b><p>
     *
     *      TRIGGER_CATALOG            VARCHAR ,
     *      TRIGGER_SCHEMA             VARCHAR ,
     *      TRIGGER_NAME               VARCHAR ,
     *      EVENT_OBJECT_CATALOG       VARCHAR ,
     *      EVENT_OBJECT_SCHEMA        VARCHAR ,
     *      EVENT_OBJECT_NAME          VARCHAR ,
     *
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b> <p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of TRIGGER_CATALOG, TRIGGER_SCHEMA and TRIGGER_NAME
     *      are the catalog name, schema name and
     *      identifier, respectively, of the TRIGGER.<p>
     * <li> The values of EVENT_OBJECT_CATALOG, EVENT_OBJECT_SCHEMA and
     *      EVENT_OBJECT_NAME are the catalog name, schema name and
     *      identifier, respectively, of the COLUMN
     *      that is referenced. <p>
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table TRIGGERED_UPDATE_COLUMNS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[TRIGGERED_UPDATE_COLUMNS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[TRIGGERED_UPDATE_COLUMNS]);

            addColumn(t, "TRIGGER_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TRIGGER_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TRIGGER_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);            // not null
            addColumn(t, "EVENT_OBJECT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "EVENT_OBJECT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "EVENT_OBJECT_TABLE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "EVENT_OBJECT_COLUMN", SQL_IDENTIFIER);     // not null

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[TRIGGERED_UPDATE_COLUMNS].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // column number mappings
        final int trigger_catalog      = 0;
        final int trigger_schema       = 1;
        final int trigger_name         = 2;
        final int event_object_catalog = 3;
        final int event_object_schema  = 4;
        final int event_object_table   = 5;
        final int event_object_column  = 6;

        //
        Iterator it;
        Object[] row;

        it = database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(
            SchemaObject.TRIGGER);

        while (it.hasNext()) {
            TriggerDef trigger = (TriggerDef) it.next();

            if (!session.getGrantee().isAccessible(trigger)) {
                continue;
            }

            int[] colIndexes = trigger.getUpdateColumnIndexes();

            if (colIndexes == null) {
                continue;
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < colIndexes.length; i++) {
                ColumnSchema column =
                    trigger.getTable().getColumn(colIndexes[i]);

                row                       = t.getEmptyRowData();
                row[trigger_catalog]      = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[trigger_schema]       = trigger.getSchemaName().name;
                row[trigger_name]         = trigger.getName().name;
                row[event_object_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[event_object_schema] =
                    trigger.getTable().getSchemaName().name;
                row[event_object_table= trigger.getTable().getName().name;
                row[event_object_column] = column.getNameString();

                t.insertSys(session, store, row);
            }
        }

        // Initialization
        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The UDT_PRIVILEGES view has one row for each privilege granted on
     * a DISTINCT TYPE.
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     *      GRANTOR               VARCHAR
     *      GRANTEE               VARCHAR
     *      UDT_CATALOG           VARCHAR
     *      UDT_SCHEMA            VARCHAR
     *      UDT_NAME              VARCHAR
     *      PRIVILEGE_TYPE        VARCHAR
     *      IS_GRANTABLE          VARCHAR
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b> <p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of GRANTOR is the grantor of the privilege. The value of
     *      GRANTEE is the name of the grantee.
     *
     * <li> The values of UDT_CATALOG, UDT_SCHEMA and
     *      UDT_NAME are the catalog name, schema name
     *      and identifier, respectively, of the user defined type
     *      described. <p>
     *
     * <li> The value of PRIVILEGE_TYPE is the type of the privilege, including,
     *      'USAGE'
     *      The value IS_GRANTABLE is 'YES' if the privilege is grantable. <p>
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table UDT_PRIVILEGES(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[UDT_PRIVILEGES];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[UDT_PRIVILEGES]);

            addColumn(t, "GRANTOR", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "GRANTEE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "UDT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "UDT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "UDT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "PRIVILEGE_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "IS_GRANTABLE", YES_OR_NO);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[UDT_PRIVILEGES].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        final int grantor        = 0;
        final int grantee        = 1;
        final int udt_catalog    = 2;
        final int udt_schema     = 3;
        final int udt_name       = 4;
        final int privilege_type = 5;
        final int is_grantable   = 6;

        //
        Iterator objects =
            database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(SchemaObject.TYPE);
        OrderedHashSet grantees =
            session.getGrantee().getGranteeAndAllRolesWithPublic();

        while (objects.hasNext()) {
            SchemaObject object = (SchemaObject) objects.next();

            if (object.getType() != SchemaObject.TYPE) {
                continue;
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < grantees.size(); i++) {
                Grantee granteeObject = (Grantee) grantees.get(i);
                OrderedHashSet rights =
                    granteeObject.getAllDirectPrivileges(object);
                OrderedHashSet grants =
                    granteeObject.getAllGrantedPrivileges(object);

                if (!grants.isEmpty()) {
                    grants.addAll(rights);

                    rights = grants;
                }

                for (int j = 0; j < rights.size(); j++) {
                    Right    right          = (Right) rights.get(j);
                    Right    grantableRight = right.getGrantableRights();
                    Object[] row;

                    row                 = t.getEmptyRowData();
                    row[grantor]        = right.getGrantor().getName().name;
                    row[grantee]        = right.getGrantee().getName().name;
                    row[udt_catalog]    = database.getCatalogName().name;
                    row[udt_schema]     = object.getSchemaName().name;
                    row[udt_name]       = object.getName().name;
                    row[privilege_type] = Tokens.T_USAGE;
                    row[is_grantable] =
                        right.getGrantee() == object.getOwner()
                        || grantableRight.isFull() ? Tokens.T_YES
                                                   : Tokens.T_NO;

                    try {
                        t.insertSys(session, store, row);
                    } catch (HsqlException e) {}
                }
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The USAGE_PRIVILEGES view has one row for each usage privilege
     * descriptor. <p>
     *
     * It effectively contains a representation of the usage privilege
     * descriptors. <p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b> <p>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     * CREATE TABLE SYSTEM_USAGE_PRIVILEGES (
     *      GRANTOR         VARCHAR NOT NULL,
     *      GRANTEE         VARCHAR NOT NULL,
     *      OBJECT_CATALOG  VARCHAR NULL,
     *      OBJECT_SCHEMA   VARCHAR NULL,
     *      OBJECT_NAME     VARCHAR NOT NULL,
     *      OBJECT_TYPE     VARCHAR NOT NULL
     *      PRIVILEGE_TYPE  VARCHAR NOT NULL
     *      IS_GRANTABLE    VARCHAR NOT NULL
     * )
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b><p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The value of GRANTOR is the &lt;authorization identifier&gt; of the
     *      user or role who granted usage privileges on the object of the type
     *      identified by OBJECT_TYPE that is identified by OBJECT_CATALOG,
     *      OBJECT_SCHEMA, and OBJECT_NAME, to the user or role identified by the
     *      value of GRANTEE forthe usage privilege being described. <p>
     *
     * <li> The value of GRANTEE is the &lt;authorization identifier&gt; of some
     *      user or role, or PUBLIC to indicate all users, to whom the usage
     *      privilege being described is granted. <p>
     *
     * <li> The values of OBJECT_CATALOG, OBJECT_SCHEMA, and OBJECT_NAME are the
     *      catalog name, schema name, and identifier,
     *      respectively, of the object to which the privilege applies. <p>
     *
     * <li> The values of OBJECT_TYPE have the following meanings: <p>
     *
     *      <table border cellpadding="3">
     *          <tr>
     *              <td nowrap>DOMAIN</td>
     *              <td nowrap>The object to which the privilege applies is
     *                         a domain.</td>
     *          <tr>
     *          <tr>
     *              <td nowrap>CHARACTER SET</td>
     *              <td nowrap>The object to which the privilege applies is a
     *                         character set.</td>
     *          <tr>
     *          <tr>
     *              <td nowrap>COLLATION</td>
     *              <td nowrap>The object to which the privilege applies is a
     *                         collation.</td>
     *          <tr>
     *          <tr>
     *              <td nowrap>TRANSLATION</td>
     *              <td nowrap>The object to which the privilege applies is a
     *                         transliteration.</td>
     *          <tr>
     *          <tr>
     *              <td nowrap>SEQUENCE</td>
     *              <td nowrap>The object to which the privilege applies is a
     *                         sequence generator.</td>
     *          <tr>
     *      </table> <p>
     *
     * <li> The values of IS_GRANTABLE have the following meanings: <p>
     *
     *      <table border cellpadding="3">
     *          <tr>
     *              <td nowrap>YES</td>
     *              <td nowrap>The privilege being described was granted
     *                         WITH GRANT OPTION and is thus grantable.</td>
     *          <tr>
     *          <tr>
     *              <td nowrap>NO</td>
     *              <td nowrap>The privilege being described was not granted
     *                  WITH GRANT OPTION and is thus not grantable.</td>
     *          <tr>
     *      </table> <p>
     * <ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table USAGE_PRIVILEGES(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[USAGE_PRIVILEGES];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[USAGE_PRIVILEGES]);

            addColumn(t, "GRANTOR", SQL_IDENTIFIER);        // not null
            addColumn(t, "GRANTEE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);        // not null
            addColumn(t, "OBJECT_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "OBJECT_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "OBJECT_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "OBJECT_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "PRIVILEGE_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "IS_GRANTABLE", YES_OR_NO);        // not null

            // order: COLUMN_NAME, PRIVILEGE
            // for unique: GRANTEE, GRANTOR, TABLE_NAME, TABLE_SCHEM, TABLE_CAT
            // false PK, as TABLE_SCHEM and/or TABLE_CAT may be null
            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[USAGE_PRIVILEGES].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        //
        Object[] row;

        //
        final int grantor        = 0;
        final int grantee        = 1;
        final int object_catalog = 2;
        final int object_schema  = 3;
        final int object_name    = 4;
        final int object_type    = 5;
        final int privilege_type = 6;
        final int is_grantable   = 7;

        //
        Iterator objects =
            new WrapperIterator(database.schemaManager
                .databaseObjectIterator(SchemaObject.SEQUENCE), database
                .schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(SchemaObject.COLLATION));

        objects = new WrapperIterator(
            objects,
            database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(
                SchemaObject.CHARSET));
        objects = new WrapperIterator(
            objects,
            database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(
                SchemaObject.DOMAIN));

        // TYPE objects are covered in separate UDT_PRIVILEGES view
        OrderedHashSet grantees =
            session.getGrantee().getGranteeAndAllRolesWithPublic();

        while (objects.hasNext()) {
            SchemaObject object = (SchemaObject) objects.next();

            for (int i = 0; i < grantees.size(); i++) {
                Grantee granteeObject = (Grantee) grantees.get(i);
                OrderedHashSet rights =
                    granteeObject.getAllDirectPrivileges(object);
                OrderedHashSet grants =
                    granteeObject.getAllGrantedPrivileges(object);

                if (!grants.isEmpty()) {
                    grants.addAll(rights);

                    rights = grants;
                }

                for (int j = 0; j < rights.size(); j++) {
                    Right right          = (Right) rights.get(j);
                    Right grantableRight = right.getGrantableRights();

                    row                 = t.getEmptyRowData();
                    row[grantor]        = right.getGrantor().getName().name;
                    row[grantee]        = right.getGrantee().getName().name;
                    row[object_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                    row[object_schema= object.getSchemaName().name;
                    row[object_name]    = object.getName().name;
                    row[object_type] =
                        SchemaObjectSet.getName(object.getName().type);
                    row[privilege_type] = Tokens.T_USAGE;
                    row[is_grantable] =
                        right.getGrantee() == object.getOwner()
                        || grantableRight.isFull() ? Tokens.T_YES
                                                   : Tokens.T_NO;

                    try {
                        t.insertSys(session, store, row);
                    } catch (HsqlException e) {}
                }
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The USER_DEFINED_TYPES view has one row for each user defined type.
     * Only DICTINCT TYPE user defined types are currently supported. <p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b> <p>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     *      VIEW_CATALOG    VARCHAR NULL,
     *      VIEW_SCHEMA     VARCHAR NULL,
     *      VIEW_NAME       VARCHAR NOT NULL,
     *      TABLE_CATALOG   VARCHAR NULL,
     *      TABLE_SCHEMA    VARCHAR NULL,
     *      TABLE_NAME      VARCHAR NOT NULL,
     *      COLUMN_NAME     VARCHAR NOT NULL,
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b> <p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of VIEW_CATALOG, VIEW_SCHEMA, and VIEW_NAME are the
     *      catalog name, schema name, and identifier,
     *      respectively, of the view being described. <p>
     *
     * <li> The values of TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, and
     *      COLUMN_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *      table name, and column name, respectively, of a column
     *      of a table that is explicitly or implicitly referenced in the
     *      &lt;query expression&gt; of the view being described.
     * <1i> Referenced routines are reported only if the user or one of its roles is
     *      the authorization (owner) of the referenced ROUTINE
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table USER_DEFINED_TYPES(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[USER_DEFINED_TYPES];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[USER_DEFINED_TYPES]);

            addColumn(t, "USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATEGORY", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "IS_INSTANTIABLE", YES_OR_NO);
            addColumn(t, "IS_FINAL", YES_OR_NO);
            addColumn(t, "ORDERING_FORM", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ORDERING_CATEGORY", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ORDERING_ROUTINE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ORDERING_ROUTINE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "ORDERING_ROUTINE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "REFERENCE_TYPE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "DATA_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "CHARACTER_SET_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLLATION_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLLATION_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLLATION_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "NUMERIC_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "NUMERIC_SCALE", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "DATETIME_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "INTERVAL_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "INTERVAL_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "SOURCE_DTD_IDENTIFIER", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "REF_DTD_IDENTIFIER", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "DECLARED_DATA_TYPE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "DECLARED_NUMERIC_PRECISION", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "DECLARED_NUMERIC_SCALE", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "MAXIMUM_CARDINALITY", CARDINAL_NUMBER);
            addColumn(t, "EXTERNAL_NAME", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "EXTERNAL_LANGUAGE", CHARACTER_DATA);
            addColumn(t, "JAVA_INTERFACE", CHARACTER_DATA);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[USER_DEFINED_TYPES].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        final int user_defined_type_catalog  = 0;
        final int user_defined_type_schema   = 1;
        final int user_defined_type_name     = 2;
        final int user_defined_type_category = 3;
        final int is_instantiable            = 4;
        final int is_final                   = 5;
        final int ordering_form              = 6;
        final int ordering_category          = 7;
        final int ordering_routine_catalog   = 8;
        final int ordering_routine_schema    = 9;
        final int ordering_routine_name      = 10;
        final int reference_type             = 11;
        final int data_type                  = 12;
        final int character_maximum_length   = 13;
        final int character_octet_length     = 14;
        final int character_set_catalog      = 15;
        final int character_set_schema       = 16;
        final int character_set_name         = 17;
        final int collation_catalog          = 18;
        final int collation_schema           = 19;
        final int collation_name             = 20;
        final int numeric_precision          = 21;
        final int numeric_precision_radix    = 22;
        final int numeric_scale              = 23;
        final int datetime_precision         = 24;
        final int interval_type              = 25;
        final int interval_precision         = 26;
        final int source_dtd_identifier      = 27;
        final int ref_dtd_identifier         = 28;
        final int declared_data_type         = 29;
        final int declared_numeric_precision = 30;
        final int declared_numeric_scale     = 31;
        final int maximum_cardinality        = 32;

        //
        Iterator it =
            database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(SchemaObject.TYPE);

        while (it.hasNext()) {
            Type type = (Type) it.next();

            if (!type.isDistinctType()) {
                continue;
            }

            Object[] row = t.getEmptyRowData();

            row[user_defined_type_catalog= database.getCatalogName().name;
            row[user_defined_type_schema]   = type.getSchemaName().name;
            row[user_defined_type_name]     = type.getName().name;
            row[data_type]                  = type.getFullNameString();
            row[user_defined_type_category] = "DISTINCT";
            row[is_instantiable]            = "YES";
            row[is_final]                   = "YES";
            row[ordering_form]              = "FULL";

            // common type block
            if (type.isCharacterType()) {
                row[character_maximum_length] =
                    ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                row[character_octet_length] = ValuePool.getLong(type.precision
                        * 2);
                row[character_set_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[character_set_schema] =
                    ((CharacterType) type).getCharacterSet().getSchemaName()
                        .name;
                row[character_set_name] =
                    ((CharacterType) type).getCharacterSet().getName().name;
                row[collation_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[collation_schema] =
                    ((CharacterType) type).getCollation().getSchemaName().name;
                row[collation_name] =
                    ((CharacterType) type).getCollation().getName().name;
            } else if (type.isNumberType()) {
                row[numeric_precision] = ValuePool.getLong(
                    ((NumberType) type).getNumericPrecisionInRadix());
                row[declared_numeric_precision] = ValuePool.getLong(
                    ((NumberType) type).getNumericPrecisionInRadix());

                if (type.isExactNumberType()) {
                    row[numeric_scale] = row[declared_numeric_scale] =
                        ValuePool.getLong(type.scale);
                }

                row[numeric_precision_radix] =
                    ValuePool.getLong(type.getPrecisionRadix());
            } else if (type.isBooleanType()) {}
            else if (type.isDateTimeType()) {
                row[datetime_precision] = ValuePool.getLong(type.scale);
            } else if (type.isIntervalType()) {
                row[data_type] = "INTERVAL";
                row[interval_type] =
                    ((IntervalType) type).getQualifier(type.typeCode);
                row[interval_precision] = ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                row[datetime_precision] = ValuePool.getLong(type.scale);
            } else if (type.isBinaryType()) {
                row[character_maximum_length] =
                    ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                row[character_octet_length] =
                    ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
            } else if (type.isBitType()) {
                row[character_maximum_length] =
                    ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
                row[character_octet_length] =
                    ValuePool.getLong(type.precision);
            } else if (type.isArrayType()) {
                row[maximum_cardinality] =
                    ValuePool.getLong(type.arrayLimitCardinality());
                row[data_type] = "ARRAY";
            }

            // end common block
            row[source_dtd_identifier] = type.getDefinition();
            row[declared_data_type]    = row[data_type];

            t.insertSys(session, store, row);
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The VIEW_COLUMN_USAGE view has one row for each column of a
     * table that is explicitly or implicitly referenced in the
     * &lt;query expression&gt; of the view being described. <p>
     *
     * <b>Definition:</b> <p>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     *      VIEW_CATALOG    VARCHAR NULL,
     *      VIEW_SCHEMA     VARCHAR NULL,
     *      VIEW_NAME       VARCHAR NOT NULL,
     *      TABLE_CATALOG   VARCHAR NULL,
     *      TABLE_SCHEMA    VARCHAR NULL,
     *      TABLE_NAME      VARCHAR NOT NULL,
     *      COLUMN_NAME     VARCHAR NOT NULL,
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b> <p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of VIEW_CATALOG, VIEW_SCHEMA, and VIEW_NAME are the
     *      catalog name, schema name, and identifier,
     *      respectively, of the view being described. <p>
     *
     * <li> The values of TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, and
     *      COLUMN_NAME are the catalog name, schema name,
     *      table name, and column name, respectively, of a column
     *      of a table that is explicitly or implicitly referenced in the
     *      &lt;query expression&gt; of the view being described.
     * <1i> Referenced routines are reported only if the user or one of its roles is
     *      the authorization (owner) of the referenced ROUTINE
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table VIEW_COLUMN_USAGE(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[VIEW_COLUMN_USAGE];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[VIEW_COLUMN_USAGE]);

            addColumn(t, "VIEW_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "VIEW_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "VIEW_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "COLUMN_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[VIEW_COLUMN_USAGE].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // Calculated column values
        String viewCatalog;
        String viewSchema;
        String viewName;

        // Intermediate holders
        Iterator tables;
        View     view;
        Table    table;
        Object[] row;
        Iterator iterator;

        // Column number mappings
        final int view_catalog  = 0;
        final int view_schema   = 1;
        final int view_name     = 2;
        final int table_catalog = 3;
        final int table_schema  = 4;
        final int table_name    = 5;
        final int column_name   = 6;

        // Initialization
        tables =
            database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(SchemaObject.TABLE);

        // Do it.
        while (tables.hasNext()) {
            table = (Table) tables.next();

            if (table.isView()
                    && session.getGrantee().isFullyAccessibleByRole(
                        table.getName())) {

                // fall through
            } else {
                continue;
            }

            viewCatalog = database.getCatalogName().name;
            viewSchema  = table.getSchemaName().name;
            viewName    = table.getName().name;
            view        = (View) table;

            OrderedHashSet references = view.getReferences();

            iterator = references.iterator();

            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                HsqlName refName = (HsqlName) iterator.next();

                if (refName.type != SchemaObject.COLUMN) {
                    continue;
                }

                row                = t.getEmptyRowData();
                row[view_catalog= viewCatalog;
                row[view_schema]   = viewSchema;
                row[view_name]     = viewName;
                row[table_catalog] = viewCatalog;
                row[table_schema= refName.parent.schema.name;
                row[table_name]    = refName.parent.name;
                row[column_name]   = refName.name;

                try {
                    t.insertSys(session, store, row);
                } catch (HsqlException e) {}
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The VIEW_ROUTINE_USAGE view has one row for each SQL-invoked
     * routine identified as the subject routine of either a &lt;routine
     * invocation&gt;, a &lt;method reference&gt;, a &lt;method invocation&gt;,
     * or a &lt;static method invocation&gt; contained in a &lt;view
     * definition&gt;. <p>
     *
     * <b>Definition</b><p>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     *      TABLE_CATALOG       VARCHAR NULL,
     *      TABLE_SCHEMA        VARCHAR NULL,
     *      TABLE_NAME          VARCHAR NOT NULL,
     *      SPECIFIC_CATALOG    VARCHAR NULL,
     *      SPECIFIC_SCHEMA     VARCHAR NULL,
     *      SPECIFIC_NAME       VARCHAR NOT NULL,
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description</b><p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, and TABLE_NAME are the
     *      catalog name, schema name, and identifier,
     *      respectively, of the viewed table being described.
     *
     * <li> The values of SPECIFIC_CATALOG, SPECIFIC_SCHEMA, and SPECIFIC_NAME are
     *      the catalog name, schema name, and identifier,
     *      respectively, of the specific name of R.
     * <1i> Referenced routines are reported only if the user or one of its roles is
     *      the authorization (owner) of the referenced ROUTINE.
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table VIEW_ROUTINE_USAGE(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[VIEW_ROUTINE_USAGE];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[VIEW_ROUTINE_USAGE]);

            addColumn(t, "VIEW_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "VIEW_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "VIEW_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "SPECIFIC_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);

            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[VIEW_ROUTINE_USAGE].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // Intermediate holders
        Iterator tables;
        Table    table;
        Object[] row;

        // Column number mappings
        final int view_catalog     = 0;
        final int view_schema      = 1;
        final int view_name        = 2;
        final int specific_catalog = 3;
        final int specific_schema  = 4;
        final int specific_name    = 5;

        // Initialization
        tables =
            database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(SchemaObject.TABLE);

        // Do it.
        while (tables.hasNext()) {
            table = (Table) tables.next();

            if (!table.isView()) {
                continue;
            }

            OrderedHashSet set = table.getReferences();

            for (int i = 0; i < set.size(); i++) {
                HsqlName refName = (HsqlName) set.get(i);

                if (refName.type != SchemaObject.SPECIFIC_ROUTINE) {
                    continue;
                }

                if (!session.getGrantee().isFullyAccessibleByRole(refName)) {
                    continue;
                }

                row                   = t.getEmptyRowData();
                row[view_catalog]     = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[view_schema]      = table.getSchemaName().name;
                row[view_name]        = table.getName().name;
                row[specific_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[specific_schema= refName.schema.name;
                row[specific_name]    = refName.name;

                try {
                    t.insertSys(session, store, row);
                } catch (HsqlException e) {}
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The VIEW_TABLE_USAGE view has one row for each table identified
     * by a &lt;table name&gt; simply contained in a &lt;table reference&gt;
     * that is contained in the &lt;query expression&gt; of a view. <p>
     *
     * <b>Definition</b><p>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     *      VIEW_CATALOG    VARCHAR NULL,
     *      VIEW_SCHEMA     VARCHAR NULL,
     *      VIEW_NAME       VARCHAR NULL,
     *      TABLE_CATALOG   VARCHAR NULL,
     *      TABLE_SCHEMA    VARCHAR NULL,
     *      TABLE_NAME      VARCHAR NULL,
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description:</b><p>
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> The values of VIEW_CATALOG, VIEW_SCHEMA, and VIEW_NAME are the
     *      catalog name, schema name, and identifier,
     *      respectively, of the view being described. <p>
     *
     * <li> The values of TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, and TABLE_NAME are the
     *      catalog name, schema name, and identifier,
     *      respectively, of a table identified by a &lt;table name&gt;
     *      simply contained in a &lt;table reference&gt; that is contained in
     *      the &lt;query expression&gt; of the view being described.
     * <1i> Referenced tables are reported only if the user or one of its roles is
     *      the authorization (owner) of the referenced TABLE
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table VIEW_TABLE_USAGE(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[VIEW_TABLE_USAGE];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[VIEW_TABLE_USAGE]);

            addColumn(t, "VIEW_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "VIEW_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "VIEW_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);     // not null
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null

            // false PK, as VIEW_CATALOG, VIEW_SCHEMA, TABLE_CATALOG, and/or
            // TABLE_SCHEMA may be NULL
            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[VIEW_TABLE_USAGE].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        // Column number mappings
        final int view_catalog  = 0;
        final int view_schema   = 1;
        final int view_name     = 2;
        final int table_catalog = 3;
        final int table_schema  = 4;
        final int table_name    = 5;

        //
        Iterator tables;
        Table    table;
        Object[] row;

        // Initialization
        tables =
            database.schemaManager.databaseObjectIterator(SchemaObject.TABLE);

        // Do it.
        while (tables.hasNext()) {
            table = (Table) tables.next();

            if (!table.isView()) {
                continue;
            }

            OrderedHashSet references = table.getReferences();

            for (int i = 0; i < references.size(); i++) {
                HsqlName refName = (HsqlName) references.get(i);

                if (refName.type != SchemaObject.TABLE
                        && refName.type != SchemaObject.VIEW) {
                    continue;
                }

                if (!session.getGrantee().isFullyAccessibleByRole(refName)) {
                    continue;
                }

                row                = t.getEmptyRowData();
                row[view_catalog= database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[view_schema]   = table.getSchemaName().name;
                row[view_name]     = table.getName().name;
                row[table_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
                row[table_schema= refName.schema.name;
                row[table_name]    = refName.name;

                try {
                    t.insertSys(session, store, row);
                } catch (HsqlException e) {}
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * The VIEWS view contains one row for each VIEW definition. <p>
     *
     * Each row is a description of the query expression that defines its view,
     * with the following columns:
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     *      TABLE_CATALOG    VARCHAR     name of view's defining catalog.
     *      TABLE_SCHEMA     VARCHAR     name of view's defining schema.
     *      TABLE_NAME       VARCHAR     the simple name of the view.
     *      VIEW_DEFINITION  VARCHAR     the character representation of the
     *                                   &lt;query expression&gt; contained in the
     *                                   corresponding &lt;view descriptor&gt;.
     *      CHECK_OPTION     VARCHAR     {"CASCADED" | "LOCAL" | "NONE"}
     *      IS_UPDATABLE     VARCHAR     {"YES" | "NO"}
     *      INSERTABLE_INTO VARCHAR      {"YES" | "NO"}
     *      IS_TRIGGER_UPDATABLE        VARCHAR  {"YES" | "NO"}
     *      IS_TRIGGER_DELETEABLE       VARCHAR  {"YES" | "NO"}
     *      IS_TRIGGER_INSERTABLE_INTO  VARCHAR  {"YES" | "NO"}
     * </pre> <p>
     *
     * @return a tabular description of the text source of all
     *        <code>View</code> objects accessible to
     *        the user.
     */
    Table VIEWS(Session session, PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[VIEWS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(sysTableHsqlNames[VIEWS]);

            addColumn(t, "TABLE_CATALOG", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_SCHEMA", SQL_IDENTIFIER);
            addColumn(t, "TABLE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);               // not null
            addColumn(t, "VIEW_DEFINITION", CHARACTER_DATA);          // not null
            addColumn(t, "CHECK_OPTION", CHARACTER_DATA);             // not null
            addColumn(t, "IS_UPDATABLE", YES_OR_NO);                  // not null
            addColumn(t, "INSERTABLE_INTO", YES_OR_NO);               // not null
            addColumn(t, "IS_TRIGGER_UPDATABLE", YES_OR_NO);          // not null
            addColumn(t, "IS_TRIGGER_DELETABLE", YES_OR_NO);          // not null
            addColumn(t, "IS_TRIGGER_INSERTABLE_INTO", YES_OR_NO);    // not null

            // order TABLE_NAME
            // added for unique: TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_CATALOG
            // false PK, as TABLE_SCHEMA and/or TABLE_CATALOG may be null
            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[VIEWS].name, false, SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                1, 2, 0
            }, false);

            return t;
        }

        Iterator  tables;
        Table     table;
        Object[]  row;
        final int table_catalog              = 0;
        final int table_schema               = 1;
        final int table_name                 = 2;
        final int view_definition            = 3;
        final int check_option               = 4;
        final int is_updatable               = 5;
        final int insertable_into            = 6;
        final int is_trigger_updatable       = 7;
        final int is_trigger_deletable       = 8;
        final int is_trigger_insertable_into = 9;

        tables = allTables();

        while (tables.hasNext()) {
            table = (Table) tables.next();

            if (!table.isView()
                    && table.getSchemaName()
                       != SqlInvariants.INFORMATION_SCHEMA_HSQLNAME) {
                continue;
            }

            if (!isAccessibleTable(session, table)) {
                continue;
            }

            row                = t.getEmptyRowData();
            row[table_catalog] = database.getCatalogName().name;
            row[table_schema= table.getSchemaName().name;
            row[table_name]    = table.getName().name;

            String check = Tokens.T_NONE;

            if (table instanceof View) {
                if (session.getGrantee().isFullyAccessibleByRole(
                        table.getName())) {
                    row[view_definition] = ((View) table).getStatement();
                }

                switch (((View) table).getCheckOption()) {

                    case SchemaObject.ViewCheckModes.CHECK_NONE :
                        break;

                    case SchemaObject.ViewCheckModes.CHECK_LOCAL :
                        check = Tokens.T_LOCAL;
                        break;

                    case SchemaObject.ViewCheckModes.CHECK_CASCADE :
                        check = Tokens.T_CASCADED;
                        break;
                }
            }

            row[check_option]    = check;
            row[is_updatable]    = table.isUpdatable() ? Tokens.T_YES
                                                       : Tokens.T_NO;
            row[insertable_into] = table.isInsertable() ? Tokens.T_YES
                                                        : Tokens.T_NO;
            row[is_trigger_updatable] = table.isTriggerUpdatable()
                                        ? Tokens.T_YES
                                        : Tokens.T_NO;
            row[is_trigger_deletable] = table.isTriggerDeletable()
                                        ? Tokens.T_YES
                                        : Tokens.T_NO;
            row[is_trigger_insertable_into] = table.isTriggerInsertable()
                                              ? Tokens.T_YES
                                              : Tokens.T_NO;

            t.insertSys(session, store, row);
        }

        return t;
    }

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// SQL SCHEMATA BASE TABLES

    /**
     * SQL:2008 VIEW<p>
     *
     * ROLE_AUTHORIZATION_DESCRIPTORS<p>
     *
     * Contains a representation of the role authorization descriptors.<p>
     * <b>Definition</b>
     *
     * <pre class="SqlCodeExample">
     *      ROLE_NAME     VARCHAR     name of view's defining catalog.
     *      GRANTEE       VARCHAR     name of view's defining schema.
     *      GRANTOR       VARCHAR     the simple name of the view.
     *      IS_GRANTABLE  VARCHAR     the character representation of the
     * </pre>
     *
     * <b>Description</b><p>
     *
     * <ol>
     *      <li>The value of ROLE_NAME is the &lt;role name&gt; of some
     *          &lt;role granted&gt; by the &lt;grant role statement&gt; or
     *          the &lt;role name&gt; of a &lt;role definition&gt;. <p>
     *
     *      <li>The value of GRANTEE is an &lt;authorization identifier&gt;,
     *          possibly PUBLIC, or &lt;role name&gt; specified as a
     *          &lt;grantee&gt; contained in a &lt;grant role statement&gt;,
     *          or the &lt;authorization identifier&gt; of the current
     *          SQLsession when the &lt;role definition&gt; is executed. <p>
     *
     *      <li>The value of GRANTOR is the &lt;authorization identifier&gt;
     *          of the user or role who granted the role identified by
     *          ROLE_NAME to the user or role identified by the value of
     *          GRANTEE. <p>
     *
     *      <li>The values of IS_GRANTABLE have the following meanings:<p>
     *
     *      <table border cellpadding="3">
     *          <tr>
     *              <td nowrap>YES</td>
     *              <td nowrap>The described role is grantable.</td>
     *          <tr>
     *          <tr>
     *              <td nowrap>NO</td>
     *              <td nowrap>The described role is not grantable.</td>
     *          <tr>
     *      </table> <p>
     * </ol>
     *
     * @return Table
     */
    Table ROLE_AUTHORIZATION_DESCRIPTORS(Session session,
                                         PersistentStore store) {

        Table t = sysTables[ROLE_AUTHORIZATION_DESCRIPTORS];

        if (t == null) {
            t = createBlankTable(
                sysTableHsqlNames[ROLE_AUTHORIZATION_DESCRIPTORS]);

            addColumn(t, "ROLE_NAME", SQL_IDENTIFIER);    // not null
            addColumn(t, "GRANTEE", SQL_IDENTIFIER);      // not null
            addColumn(t, "GRANTOR", SQL_IDENTIFIER);      // not null
            addColumn(t, "IS_GRANTABLE", YES_OR_NO);      // not null

            // true PK
            HsqlName name = HsqlNameManager.newInfoSchemaObjectName(
                sysTableHsqlNames[ROLE_AUTHORIZATION_DESCRIPTORS].name, false,
                SchemaObject.INDEX);

            t.createPrimaryKeyConstraint(name, new int[] {
                0, 1
            }, true);

            return t;
        }

        // Intermediate holders
        String   grantorName = SqlInvariants.SYSTEM_AUTHORIZATION_NAME;
        Iterator grantees;
        Grantee  granteeObject;
        String   granteeName;
        Iterator roles;
        String   isGrantable;
        Object[] row;

        // Column number mappings
        final int role_name    = 0;
        final int grantee      = 1;
        final int grantor      = 2;
        final int is_grantable = 3;

        // Initialization
        grantees = session.getGrantee().visibleGrantees().iterator();

        //
        while (grantees.hasNext()) {
            granteeObject = (Grantee) grantees.next();
            granteeName   = granteeObject.getName().getNameString();
            roles         = granteeObject.getDirectRoles().iterator();
            isGrantable   = granteeObject.isAdmin() ? Tokens.T_YES
                                                    : Tokens.T_NO;

            while (roles.hasNext()) {
                Grantee role = (Grantee) roles.next();

                row               = t.getEmptyRowData();
                row[role_name]    = role.getName().getNameString();
                row[grantee]      = granteeName;
                row[grantor]      = grantorName;
                row[is_grantable] = isGrantable;

                t.insertSys(session, store, row);
            }
        }

        return t;
    }
}
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