/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.commons.math3.optimization.univariate;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
import org.apache.commons.math3.analysis.UnivariateFunction;
import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.MathIllegalStateException;
import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.NotStrictlyPositiveException;
import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.NullArgumentException;
import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.util.LocalizedFormats;
import org.apache.commons.math3.random.RandomGenerator;
import org.apache.commons.math3.optimization.GoalType;
import org.apache.commons.math3.optimization.ConvergenceChecker;
/**
* Special implementation of the {@link UnivariateOptimizer} interface
* adding multi-start features to an existing optimizer.
*
* This class wraps a classical optimizer to use it several times in
* turn with different starting points in order to avoid being trapped
* into a local extremum when looking for a global one.
*
* @param <FUNC> Type of the objective function to be optimized.
*
* @deprecated As of 3.1 (to be removed in 4.0).
* @since 3.0
*/
@Deprecated
public class UnivariateMultiStartOptimizer<FUNC extends UnivariateFunction>
implements BaseUnivariateOptimizer<FUNC> {
/** Underlying classical optimizer. */
private final BaseUnivariateOptimizer<FUNC> optimizer;
/** Maximal number of evaluations allowed. */
private int maxEvaluations;
/** Number of evaluations already performed for all starts. */
private int totalEvaluations;
/** Number of starts to go. */
private int starts;
/** Random generator for multi-start. */
private RandomGenerator generator;
/** Found optima. */
private UnivariatePointValuePair[] optima;
/**
* Create a multi-start optimizer from a single-start optimizer.
*
* @param optimizer Single-start optimizer to wrap.
* @param starts Number of starts to perform. If {@code starts == 1},
* the {@code optimize} methods will return the same solution as
* {@code optimizer} would.
* @param generator Random generator to use for restarts.
* @throws NullArgumentException if {@code optimizer} or {@code generator}
* is {@code null}.
* @throws NotStrictlyPositiveException if {@code starts < 1}.
*/
public UnivariateMultiStartOptimizer(final BaseUnivariateOptimizer<FUNC> optimizer,
final int starts,
final RandomGenerator generator) {
if (optimizer == null ||
generator == null) {
throw new NullArgumentException();
}
if (starts < 1) {
throw new NotStrictlyPositiveException(starts);
}
this.optimizer = optimizer;
this.starts = starts;
this.generator = generator;
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
public ConvergenceChecker<UnivariatePointValuePair> getConvergenceChecker() {
return optimizer.getConvergenceChecker();
}
/** {@inheritDoc} */
public int getMaxEvaluations() {
return maxEvaluations;
}
/** {@inheritDoc} */
public int getEvaluations() {
return totalEvaluations;
}
/**
* Get all the optima found during the last call to {@link
* #optimize(int,UnivariateFunction,GoalType,double,double) optimize}.
* The optimizer stores all the optima found during a set of
* restarts. The {@link #optimize(int,UnivariateFunction,GoalType,double,double) optimize}
* method returns the best point only. This method returns all the points
* found at the end of each starts, including the best one already
* returned by the {@link #optimize(int,UnivariateFunction,GoalType,double,double) optimize}
* method.
* <br/>
* The returned array as one element for each start as specified
* in the constructor. It is ordered with the results from the
* runs that did converge first, sorted from best to worst
* objective value (i.e in ascending order if minimizing and in
* descending order if maximizing), followed by {@code null} elements
* corresponding to the runs that did not converge. This means all
* elements will be {@code null} if the {@link
* #optimize(int,UnivariateFunction,GoalType,double,double) optimize}
* method did throw an exception.
* This also means that if the first element is not {@code null}, it is
* the best point found across all starts.
*
* @return an array containing the optima.
* @throws MathIllegalStateException if {@link
* #optimize(int,UnivariateFunction,GoalType,double,double) optimize}
* has not been called.
*/
public UnivariatePointValuePair[] getOptima() {
if (optima == null) {
throw new MathIllegalStateException(LocalizedFormats.NO_OPTIMUM_COMPUTED_YET);
}
return optima.clone();
}
/** {@inheritDoc} */
public UnivariatePointValuePair optimize(int maxEval, final FUNC f,
final GoalType goal,
final double min, final double max) {
return optimize(maxEval, f, goal, min, max, min + 0.5 * (max - min));
}
/** {@inheritDoc} */
public UnivariatePointValuePair optimize(int maxEval, final FUNC f,
final GoalType goal,
final double min, final double max,
final double startValue) {
RuntimeException lastException = null;
optima = new UnivariatePointValuePair[starts];
totalEvaluations = 0;
// Multi-start loop.
for (int i = 0; i < starts; ++i) {
// CHECKSTYLE: stop IllegalCatch
try {
final double s = (i == 0) ? startValue : min + generator.nextDouble() * (max - min);
optima[i] = optimizer.optimize(maxEval - totalEvaluations, f, goal, min, max, s);
} catch (RuntimeException mue) {
lastException = mue;
optima[i] = null;
}
// CHECKSTYLE: resume IllegalCatch
totalEvaluations += optimizer.getEvaluations();
}
sortPairs(goal);
if (optima[0] == null) {
throw lastException; // cannot be null if starts >=1
}
// Return the point with the best objective function value.
return optima[0];
}
/**
* Sort the optima from best to worst, followed by {@code null} elements.
*
* @param goal Goal type.
*/
private void sortPairs(final GoalType goal) {
Arrays.sort(optima, new Comparator<UnivariatePointValuePair>() {
public int compare(final UnivariatePointValuePair o1,
final UnivariatePointValuePair o2) {
if (o1 == null) {
return (o2 == null) ? 0 : 1;
} else if (o2 == null) {
return -1;
}
final double v1 = o1.getValue();
final double v2 = o2.getValue();
return (goal == GoalType.MINIMIZE) ?
Double.compare(v1, v2) : Double.compare(v2, v1);
}
});
}
}