Package org.springframework.web.servlet.support

Source Code of org.springframework.web.servlet.support.RequestContext$JstlLocaleResolver

/*
* Copyright 2002-2014 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
*      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/

package org.springframework.web.servlet.support;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.TimeZone;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import javax.servlet.jsp.jstl.core.Config;

import org.springframework.context.MessageSource;
import org.springframework.context.MessageSourceResolvable;
import org.springframework.context.NoSuchMessageException;
import org.springframework.context.i18n.LocaleContext;
import org.springframework.context.i18n.SimpleTimeZoneAwareLocaleContext;
import org.springframework.context.i18n.TimeZoneAwareLocaleContext;
import org.springframework.ui.context.Theme;
import org.springframework.ui.context.ThemeSource;
import org.springframework.ui.context.support.ResourceBundleThemeSource;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.validation.BindException;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.validation.Errors;
import org.springframework.web.bind.EscapedErrors;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleContextResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ThemeResolver;
import org.springframework.web.util.HtmlUtils;
import org.springframework.web.util.UriTemplate;
import org.springframework.web.util.UrlPathHelper;
import org.springframework.web.util.WebUtils;

/**
* Context holder for request-specific state, like current web application context, current locale, current theme,
* and potential binding errors. Provides easy access to localized messages and Errors instances.
*
* <p>Suitable for exposition to views, and usage within JSP's "useBean" tag, JSP scriptlets, JSTL EL, Velocity
* templates, etc. Necessary for views that do not have access to the servlet request, like Velocity templates.
*
* <p>Can be instantiated manually, or automatically exposed to views as model attribute via AbstractView's
* "requestContextAttribute" property.
*
* <p>Will also work outside of DispatcherServlet requests, accessing the root WebApplicationContext and using
* an appropriate fallback for the locale (the HttpServletRequest's primary locale).
*
* @author Juergen Hoeller
* @author Rossen Stoyanchev
* @since 03.03.2003
* @see org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
* @see org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractView#setRequestContextAttribute
* @see org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver#setRequestContextAttribute
* @see #getFallbackLocale()
*/
public class RequestContext {

  /**
   * Default theme name used if the RequestContext cannot find a ThemeResolver.
   * Only applies to non-DispatcherServlet requests.
   * <p>Same as AbstractThemeResolver's default, but not linked in here to avoid package interdependencies.
   * @see org.springframework.web.servlet.theme.AbstractThemeResolver#ORIGINAL_DEFAULT_THEME_NAME
   */
  public static final String DEFAULT_THEME_NAME = "theme";

  /**
   * Request attribute to hold the current web application context for RequestContext usage.
   * By default, the DispatcherServlet's context (or the root context as fallback) is exposed.
   */
  public static final String WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE = RequestContext.class.getName() + ".CONTEXT";

  /**
   * The name of the bean to use to look up in an implementation of
   * {@link RequestDataValueProcessor} has been configured.
   */
  private static final String REQUEST_DATA_VALUE_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME = "requestDataValueProcessor";


  protected static final boolean jstlPresent = ClassUtils.isPresent("javax.servlet.jsp.jstl.core.Config",
      RequestContext.class.getClassLoader());

  private HttpServletRequest request;

  private HttpServletResponse response;

  private Map<String, Object> model;

  private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;

  private Locale locale;

  private TimeZone timeZone;

  private Theme theme;

  private Boolean defaultHtmlEscape;

  private Boolean responseEncodedHtmlEscape;

  private UrlPathHelper urlPathHelper;

  private RequestDataValueProcessor requestDataValueProcessor;

  private Map<String, Errors> errorsMap;


  /**
   * Create a new RequestContext for the given request, using the request attributes for Errors retrieval.
   * <p>This only works with InternalResourceViews, as Errors instances are part of the model and not
   * normally exposed as request attributes. It will typically be used within JSPs or custom tags.
   * <p><b>Will only work within a DispatcherServlet request.</b>
   * Pass in a ServletContext to be able to fallback to the root WebApplicationContext.
   * @param request current HTTP request
   * @see org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
   * @see #RequestContext(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest, javax.servlet.ServletContext)
   */
  public RequestContext(HttpServletRequest request) {
    initContext(request, null, null, null);
  }

  /**
   * Create a new RequestContext for the given request, using the request attributes for Errors retrieval.
   * <p>This only works with InternalResourceViews, as Errors instances are part of the model and not
   * normally exposed as request attributes. It will typically be used within JSPs or custom tags.
   * <p><b>Will only work within a DispatcherServlet request.</b>
   * Pass in a ServletContext to be able to fallback to the root WebApplicationContext.
   * @param request current HTTP request
   * @param response current HTTP response
   * @see org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
   * @see #RequestContext(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse, javax.servlet.ServletContext, Map)
   */
  public RequestContext(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
    initContext(request, response, null, null);
  }

  /**
   * Create a new RequestContext for the given request, using the request attributes for Errors retrieval.
   * <p>This only works with InternalResourceViews, as Errors instances are part of the model and not
   * normally exposed as request attributes. It will typically be used within JSPs or custom tags.
   * <p>If a ServletContext is specified, the RequestContext will also work with the root
   * WebApplicationContext (outside a DispatcherServlet).
   * @param request current HTTP request
   * @param servletContext the servlet context of the web application (can be {@code null};
   * necessary for fallback to root WebApplicationContext)
   * @see org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext
   * @see org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
   */
  public RequestContext(HttpServletRequest request, ServletContext servletContext) {
    initContext(request, null, servletContext, null);
  }

  /**
   * Create a new RequestContext for the given request, using the given model attributes for Errors retrieval.
   * <p>This works with all View implementations. It will typically be used by View implementations.
   * <p><b>Will only work within a DispatcherServlet request.</b>
   * Pass in a ServletContext to be able to fallback to the root WebApplicationContext.
   * @param request current HTTP request
   * @param model the model attributes for the current view (can be {@code null},
   * using the request attributes for Errors retrieval)
   * @see org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
   * @see #RequestContext(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse, javax.servlet.ServletContext, Map)
   */
  public RequestContext(HttpServletRequest request, Map<String, Object> model) {
    initContext(request, null, null, model);
  }

  /**
   * Create a new RequestContext for the given request, using the given model attributes for Errors retrieval.
   * <p>This works with all View implementations. It will typically be used by View implementations.
   * <p>If a ServletContext is specified, the RequestContext will also work with a root
   * WebApplicationContext (outside a DispatcherServlet).
   * @param request current HTTP request
   * @param response current HTTP response
   * @param servletContext the servlet context of the web application (can be {@code null}; necessary for
   * fallback to root WebApplicationContext)
   * @param model the model attributes for the current view (can be {@code null}, using the request attributes
   * for Errors retrieval)
   * @see org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext
   * @see org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
   */
  public RequestContext(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, ServletContext servletContext,
      Map<String, Object> model) {

    initContext(request, response, servletContext, model);
  }

  /**
   * Default constructor for subclasses.
   */
  protected RequestContext() {
  }


  /**
   * Initialize this context with the given request, using the given model attributes for Errors retrieval.
   * <p>Delegates to {@code getFallbackLocale} and {@code getFallbackTheme} for determining the fallback
   * locale and theme, respectively, if no LocaleResolver and/or ThemeResolver can be found in the request.
   * @param request current HTTP request
   * @param servletContext the servlet context of the web application (can be {@code null}; necessary for
   * fallback to root WebApplicationContext)
   * @param model the model attributes for the current view (can be {@code null}, using the request attributes
   * for Errors retrieval)
   * @see #getFallbackLocale
   * @see #getFallbackTheme
   * @see org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet#LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE
   * @see org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet#THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE
   */
  protected void initContext(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, ServletContext servletContext,
      Map<String, Object> model) {

    this.request = request;
    this.response = response;
    this.model = model;

    // Fetch WebApplicationContext, either from DispatcherServlet or the root context.
    // ServletContext needs to be specified to be able to fall back to the root context!
    this.webApplicationContext = (WebApplicationContext) request.getAttribute(WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE);
    if (this.webApplicationContext == null) {
      this.webApplicationContext = RequestContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(request, servletContext);
    }

    // Determine locale to use for this RequestContext.
    LocaleResolver localeResolver = RequestContextUtils.getLocaleResolver(request);
    if (localeResolver instanceof LocaleContextResolver) {
      LocaleContext localeContext = ((LocaleContextResolver) localeResolver).resolveLocaleContext(request);
      this.locale = localeContext.getLocale();
      if (localeContext instanceof TimeZoneAwareLocaleContext) {
        this.timeZone = ((TimeZoneAwareLocaleContext) localeContext).getTimeZone();
      }
    }
    else if (localeResolver != null) {
      // Try LocaleResolver (we're within a DispatcherServlet request).
      this.locale = localeResolver.resolveLocale(request);
    }

    // Try JSTL fallbacks if necessary.
    if (this.locale == null) {
      this.locale = getFallbackLocale();
    }
    if (this.timeZone == null) {
      this.timeZone = getFallbackTimeZone();
    }

    // Determine default HTML escape setting from the "defaultHtmlEscape"
    // context-param in web.xml, if any.
    this.defaultHtmlEscape = WebUtils.getDefaultHtmlEscape(this.webApplicationContext.getServletContext());

    this.responseEncodedHtmlEscape = WebUtils.getResponseEncodedHtmlEscape(this.webApplicationContext.getServletContext());

    this.urlPathHelper = new UrlPathHelper();

    if (this.webApplicationContext.containsBean(REQUEST_DATA_VALUE_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
      this.requestDataValueProcessor = this.webApplicationContext.getBean(
          REQUEST_DATA_VALUE_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME, RequestDataValueProcessor.class);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Determine the fallback locale for this context.
   * <p>The default implementation checks for a JSTL locale attribute in request, session
   * or application scope; if not found, returns the {@code HttpServletRequest.getLocale()}.
   * @return the fallback locale (never {@code null})
   * @see javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest#getLocale()
   */
  protected Locale getFallbackLocale() {
    if (jstlPresent) {
      Locale locale = JstlLocaleResolver.getJstlLocale(getRequest(), getServletContext());
      if (locale != null) {
        return locale;
      }
    }
    return getRequest().getLocale();
  }

  /**
   * Determine the fallback time zone for this context.
   * <p>The default implementation checks for a JSTL time zone attribute in request,
   * session or application scope; returns {@code null} if not found.
   * @return the fallback time zone (or {@code null} if none derivable from the request)
   */
  protected TimeZone getFallbackTimeZone() {
    if (jstlPresent) {
      TimeZone timeZone = JstlLocaleResolver.getJstlTimeZone(getRequest(), getServletContext());
      if (timeZone != null) {
        return timeZone;
      }
    }
    return null;
  }

  /**
   * Determine the fallback theme for this context.
   * <p>The default implementation returns the default theme (with name "theme").
   * @return the fallback theme (never {@code null})
   */
  protected Theme getFallbackTheme() {
    ThemeSource themeSource = RequestContextUtils.getThemeSource(getRequest());
    if (themeSource == null) {
      themeSource = new ResourceBundleThemeSource();
    }
    Theme theme = themeSource.getTheme(DEFAULT_THEME_NAME);
    if (theme == null) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("No theme defined and no fallback theme found");
    }
    return theme;
  }


  /**
   * Return the underlying HttpServletRequest. Only intended for cooperating classes in this package.
   */
  protected final HttpServletRequest getRequest() {
    return this.request;
  }

  /**
   * Return the underlying ServletContext. Only intended for cooperating classes in this package.
   */
  protected final ServletContext getServletContext() {
    return this.webApplicationContext.getServletContext();
  }

  /**
   * Return the current WebApplicationContext.
   */
  public final WebApplicationContext getWebApplicationContext() {
    return this.webApplicationContext;
  }

  /**
   * Return the current WebApplicationContext as MessageSource.
   */
  public final MessageSource getMessageSource() {
    return this.webApplicationContext;
  }

  /**
   * Return the model Map that this RequestContext encapsulates, if any.
   * @return the populated model Map, or {@code null} if none available
   */
  public final Map<String, Object> getModel() {
    return this.model;
  }

  /**
   * Return the current Locale (falling back to the request locale; never {@code null}).
   * <p>Typically coming from a DispatcherServlet's {@link LocaleResolver}.
   * Also includes a fallback check for JSTL's Locale attribute.
   * @see RequestContextUtils#getLocale
   */
  public final Locale getLocale() {
    return this.locale;
  }

  /**
   * Return the current TimeZone (or {@code null} if none derivable from the request).
   * <p>Typically coming from a DispatcherServlet's {@link LocaleContextResolver}.
   * Also includes a fallback check for JSTL's TimeZone attribute.
   * @see RequestContextUtils#getTimeZone
   */
  public TimeZone getTimeZone() {
    return this.timeZone;
  }

  /**
   * Change the current locale to the specified one,
   * storing the new locale through the configured {@link LocaleResolver}.
   * @param locale the new locale
   * @see LocaleResolver#setLocale
   * @see #changeLocale(java.util.Locale, java.util.TimeZone)
   */
  public void changeLocale(Locale locale) {
    LocaleResolver localeResolver = RequestContextUtils.getLocaleResolver(this.request);
    if (localeResolver == null) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot change locale if no LocaleResolver configured");
    }
    localeResolver.setLocale(this.request, this.response, locale);
    this.locale = locale;
  }

  /**
   * Change the current locale to the specified locale and time zone context,
   * storing the new locale context through the configured {@link LocaleResolver}.
   * @param locale the new locale
   * @param timeZone the new time zone
   * @see LocaleContextResolver#setLocaleContext
   * @see org.springframework.context.i18n.SimpleTimeZoneAwareLocaleContext
   */
  public void changeLocale(Locale locale, TimeZone timeZone) {
    LocaleResolver localeResolver = RequestContextUtils.getLocaleResolver(this.request);
    if (!(localeResolver instanceof LocaleContextResolver)) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot change locale context if no LocaleContextResolver configured");
    }
    ((LocaleContextResolver) localeResolver).setLocaleContext(this.request, this.response,
        new SimpleTimeZoneAwareLocaleContext(locale, timeZone));
    this.locale = locale;
    this.timeZone = timeZone;
  }

  /**
   * Return the current theme (never {@code null}).
   * <p>Resolved lazily for more efficiency when theme support is not being used.
   */
  public Theme getTheme() {
    if (this.theme == null) {
      // Lazily determine theme to use for this RequestContext.
      this.theme = RequestContextUtils.getTheme(this.request);
      if (this.theme == null) {
        // No ThemeResolver and ThemeSource available -> try fallback.
        this.theme = getFallbackTheme();
      }
    }
    return this.theme;
  }

  /**
   * Change the current theme to the specified one,
   * storing the new theme name through the configured {@link ThemeResolver}.
   * @param theme the new theme
   * @see ThemeResolver#setThemeName
   */
  public void changeTheme(Theme theme) {
    ThemeResolver themeResolver = RequestContextUtils.getThemeResolver(this.request);
    if (themeResolver == null) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot change theme if no ThemeResolver configured");
    }
    themeResolver.setThemeName(this.request, this.response, (theme != null ? theme.getName() : null));
    this.theme = theme;
  }

  /**
   * Change the current theme to the specified theme by name,
   * storing the new theme name through the configured {@link ThemeResolver}.
   * @param themeName the name of the new theme
   * @see ThemeResolver#setThemeName
   */
  public void changeTheme(String themeName) {
    ThemeResolver themeResolver = RequestContextUtils.getThemeResolver(this.request);
    if (themeResolver == null) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot change theme if no ThemeResolver configured");
    }
    themeResolver.setThemeName(this.request, this.response, themeName);
    // Ask for re-resolution on next getTheme call.
    this.theme = null;
  }

  /**
   * (De)activate default HTML escaping for messages and errors, for the scope of this RequestContext.
   * <p>The default is the application-wide setting (the "defaultHtmlEscape" context-param in web.xml).
   * @see org.springframework.web.util.WebUtils#isDefaultHtmlEscape
   */
  public void setDefaultHtmlEscape(boolean defaultHtmlEscape) {
    this.defaultHtmlEscape = defaultHtmlEscape;
  }

  /**
   * Is default HTML escaping active? Falls back to {@code false} in case of no explicit default given.
   */
  public boolean isDefaultHtmlEscape() {
    return (this.defaultHtmlEscape != null && this.defaultHtmlEscape.booleanValue());
  }

  /**
   * Return the default HTML escape setting, differentiating between no default specified and an explicit value.
   * @return whether default HTML escaping is enabled (null = no explicit default)
   */
  public Boolean getDefaultHtmlEscape() {
    return this.defaultHtmlEscape;
  }

  /**
   * Is HTML escaping using the response encoding by default?
   * If enabled, only XML markup significant characters will be escaped with UTF-* encodings.
   * <p>Falls back to {@code false} in case of no explicit default given.
   * @since 4.1.2
   */
  public boolean isResponseEncodedHtmlEscape() {
    return (this.responseEncodedHtmlEscape != null && this.responseEncodedHtmlEscape.booleanValue());
  }

  /**
   * Return the default setting about use of response encoding for HTML escape setting,
   * differentiating between no default specified and an explicit value.
   * @return whether default use of response encoding HTML escaping is enabled (null = no explicit default)
   * @since 4.1.2
   */
  public Boolean getResponseEncodedHtmlEscape() {
    return this.responseEncodedHtmlEscape;
  }


  /**
   * Set the UrlPathHelper to use for context path and request URI decoding.
   * Can be used to pass a shared UrlPathHelper instance in.
   * <p>A default UrlPathHelper is always available.
   */
  public void setUrlPathHelper(UrlPathHelper urlPathHelper) {
    Assert.notNull(urlPathHelper, "UrlPathHelper must not be null");
    this.urlPathHelper = urlPathHelper;
  }

  /**
   * Return the UrlPathHelper used for context path and request URI decoding.
   * Can be used to configure the current UrlPathHelper.
   * <p>A default UrlPathHelper is always available.
   */
  public UrlPathHelper getUrlPathHelper() {
    return this.urlPathHelper;
  }

  /**
   * Return the RequestDataValueProcessor instance to use obtained from the
   * WebApplicationContext under the name {@code "requestDataValueProcessor"}.
   * Or {@code null} if no matching bean was found.
   */
  public RequestDataValueProcessor getRequestDataValueProcessor() {
    return this.requestDataValueProcessor;
  }

  /**
   * Return the context path of the original request, that is, the path that
   * indicates the current web application. This is useful for building links
   * to other resources within the application.
   * <p>Delegates to the UrlPathHelper for decoding.
   * @see javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest#getContextPath
   * @see #getUrlPathHelper
   */
  public String getContextPath() {
    return this.urlPathHelper.getOriginatingContextPath(this.request);
  }

  /**
   * Return a context-aware URl for the given relative URL.
   * @param relativeUrl the relative URL part
   * @return a URL that points back to the server with an absolute path (also URL-encoded accordingly)
   */
  public String getContextUrl(String relativeUrl) {
    String url = getContextPath() + relativeUrl;
    if (this.response != null) {
      url = this.response.encodeURL(url);
    }
    return url;
  }

  /**
   * Return a context-aware URl for the given relative URL with placeholders (named keys with braces {@code {}}).
   * For example, send in a relative URL {@code foo/{bar}?spam={spam}} and a parameter map
   * {@code {bar=baz,spam=nuts}} and the result will be {@code [contextpath]/foo/baz?spam=nuts}.
   * @param relativeUrl the relative URL part
   * @param params a map of parameters to insert as placeholders in the url
   * @return a URL that points back to the server with an absolute path (also URL-encoded accordingly)
   */
  public String getContextUrl(String relativeUrl, Map<String, ?> params) {
    String url = getContextPath() + relativeUrl;
    UriTemplate template = new UriTemplate(url);
    url = template.expand(params).toASCIIString();
    if (this.response != null) {
      url = this.response.encodeURL(url);
    }
    return url;
  }

  /**
   * Return the path to URL mappings within the current servlet including the
   * context path and the servlet path of the original request. This is useful
   * for building links to other resources within the application where a
   * servlet mapping of the style {@code "/main/*"} is used.
   * <p>Delegates to the UrlPathHelper to determine the context and servlet path.
   */
  public String getPathToServlet() {
    String path = this.urlPathHelper.getOriginatingContextPath(this.request);
    if (StringUtils.hasText(this.urlPathHelper.getPathWithinServletMapping(this.request))) {
      path += this.urlPathHelper.getOriginatingServletPath(this.request);
    }
    return path;
  }

  /**
   * Return the request URI of the original request, that is, the invoked URL
   * without parameters. This is particularly useful as HTML form action target,
   * possibly in combination with the original query string.
   * <p>Delegates to the UrlPathHelper for decoding.
   * @see #getQueryString
   * @see org.springframework.web.util.UrlPathHelper#getOriginatingRequestUri
   * @see #getUrlPathHelper
   */
  public String getRequestUri() {
    return this.urlPathHelper.getOriginatingRequestUri(this.request);
  }

  /**
   * Return the query string of the current request, that is, the part after
   * the request path. This is particularly useful for building an HTML form
   * action target in combination with the original request URI.
   * <p>Delegates to the UrlPathHelper for decoding.
   * @see #getRequestUri
   * @see org.springframework.web.util.UrlPathHelper#getOriginatingQueryString
   * @see #getUrlPathHelper
   */
  public String getQueryString() {
    return this.urlPathHelper.getOriginatingQueryString(this.request);
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve the message for the given code, using the "defaultHtmlEscape" setting.
   * @param code code of the message
   * @param defaultMessage String to return if the lookup fails
   * @return the message
   */
  public String getMessage(String code, String defaultMessage) {
    return getMessage(code, null, defaultMessage, isDefaultHtmlEscape());
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve the message for the given code, using the "defaultHtmlEscape" setting.
   * @param code code of the message
   * @param args arguments for the message, or {@code null} if none
   * @param defaultMessage String to return if the lookup fails
   * @return the message
   */
  public String getMessage(String code, Object[] args, String defaultMessage) {
    return getMessage(code, args, defaultMessage, isDefaultHtmlEscape());
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve the message for the given code, using the "defaultHtmlEscape" setting.
   * @param code code of the message
   * @param args arguments for the message as a List, or {@code null} if none
   * @param defaultMessage String to return if the lookup fails
   * @return the message
   */
  public String getMessage(String code, List<?> args, String defaultMessage) {
    return getMessage(code, (args != null ? args.toArray() : null), defaultMessage, isDefaultHtmlEscape());
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve the message for the given code.
   * @param code code of the message
   * @param args arguments for the message, or {@code null} if none
   * @param defaultMessage String to return if the lookup fails
   * @param htmlEscape HTML escape the message?
   * @return the message
   */
  public String getMessage(String code, Object[] args, String defaultMessage, boolean htmlEscape) {
    String msg = this.webApplicationContext.getMessage(code, args, defaultMessage, this.locale);
    return (htmlEscape ? HtmlUtils.htmlEscape(msg) : msg);
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve the message for the given code, using the "defaultHtmlEscape" setting.
   * @param code code of the message
   * @return the message
   * @throws org.springframework.context.NoSuchMessageException if not found
   */
  public String getMessage(String code) throws NoSuchMessageException {
    return getMessage(code, null, isDefaultHtmlEscape());
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve the message for the given code, using the "defaultHtmlEscape" setting.
   * @param code code of the message
   * @param args arguments for the message, or {@code null} if none
   * @return the message
   * @throws org.springframework.context.NoSuchMessageException if not found
   */
  public String getMessage(String code, Object[] args) throws NoSuchMessageException {
    return getMessage(code, args, isDefaultHtmlEscape());
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve the message for the given code, using the "defaultHtmlEscape" setting.
   * @param code code of the message
   * @param args arguments for the message as a List, or {@code null} if none
   * @return the message
   * @throws org.springframework.context.NoSuchMessageException if not found
   */
  public String getMessage(String code, List<?> args) throws NoSuchMessageException {
    return getMessage(code, (args != null ? args.toArray() : null), isDefaultHtmlEscape());
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve the message for the given code.
   * @param code code of the message
   * @param args arguments for the message, or {@code null} if none
   * @param htmlEscape HTML escape the message?
   * @return the message
   * @throws org.springframework.context.NoSuchMessageException if not found
   */
  public String getMessage(String code, Object[] args, boolean htmlEscape) throws NoSuchMessageException {
    String msg = this.webApplicationContext.getMessage(code, args, this.locale);
    return (htmlEscape ? HtmlUtils.htmlEscape(msg) : msg);
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve the given MessageSourceResolvable (e.g. an ObjectError instance), using the "defaultHtmlEscape" setting.
   * @param resolvable the MessageSourceResolvable
   * @return the message
   * @throws org.springframework.context.NoSuchMessageException if not found
   */
  public String getMessage(MessageSourceResolvable resolvable) throws NoSuchMessageException {
    return getMessage(resolvable, isDefaultHtmlEscape());
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve the given MessageSourceResolvable (e.g. an ObjectError instance).
   * @param resolvable the MessageSourceResolvable
   * @param htmlEscape HTML escape the message?
   * @return the message
   * @throws org.springframework.context.NoSuchMessageException if not found
   */
  public String getMessage(MessageSourceResolvable resolvable, boolean htmlEscape) throws NoSuchMessageException {
    String msg = this.webApplicationContext.getMessage(resolvable, this.locale);
    return (htmlEscape ? HtmlUtils.htmlEscape(msg) : msg);
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve the theme message for the given code.
   * <p>Note that theme messages are never HTML-escaped, as they typically denote
   * theme-specific resource paths and not client-visible messages.
   * @param code code of the message
   * @param defaultMessage String to return if the lookup fails
   * @return the message
   */
  public String getThemeMessage(String code, String defaultMessage) {
    return getTheme().getMessageSource().getMessage(code, null, defaultMessage, this.locale);
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve the theme message for the given code.
   * <p>Note that theme messages are never HTML-escaped, as they typically denote
   * theme-specific resource paths and not client-visible messages.
   * @param code code of the message
   * @param args arguments for the message, or {@code null} if none
   * @param defaultMessage String to return if the lookup fails
   * @return the message
   */
  public String getThemeMessage(String code, Object[] args, String defaultMessage) {
    return getTheme().getMessageSource().getMessage(code, args, defaultMessage, this.locale);
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve the theme message for the given code.
   * <p>Note that theme messages are never HTML-escaped, as they typically denote
   * theme-specific resource paths and not client-visible messages.
   * @param code code of the message
   * @param args arguments for the message as a List, or {@code null} if none
   * @param defaultMessage String to return if the lookup fails
   * @return the message
   */
  public String getThemeMessage(String code, List<?> args, String defaultMessage) {
    return getTheme().getMessageSource().getMessage(code, (args != null ? args.toArray() : null), defaultMessage,
        this.locale);
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve the theme message for the given code.
   * <p>Note that theme messages are never HTML-escaped, as they typically denote
   * theme-specific resource paths and not client-visible messages.
   * @param code code of the message
   * @return the message
   * @throws org.springframework.context.NoSuchMessageException if not found
   */
  public String getThemeMessage(String code) throws NoSuchMessageException {
    return getTheme().getMessageSource().getMessage(code, null, this.locale);
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve the theme message for the given code.
   * <p>Note that theme messages are never HTML-escaped, as they typically denote
   * theme-specific resource paths and not client-visible messages.
   * @param code code of the message
   * @param args arguments for the message, or {@code null} if none
   * @return the message
   * @throws org.springframework.context.NoSuchMessageException if not found
   */
  public String getThemeMessage(String code, Object[] args) throws NoSuchMessageException {
    return getTheme().getMessageSource().getMessage(code, args, this.locale);
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve the theme message for the given code.
   * <p>Note that theme messages are never HTML-escaped, as they typically denote
   * theme-specific resource paths and not client-visible messages.
   * @param code code of the message
   * @param args arguments for the message as a List, or {@code null} if none
   * @return the message
   * @throws org.springframework.context.NoSuchMessageException if not found
   */
  public String getThemeMessage(String code, List<?> args) throws NoSuchMessageException {
    return getTheme().getMessageSource().getMessage(code, (args != null ? args.toArray() : null), this.locale);
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve the given MessageSourceResolvable in the current theme.
   * <p>Note that theme messages are never HTML-escaped, as they typically denote
   * theme-specific resource paths and not client-visible messages.
   * @param resolvable the MessageSourceResolvable
   * @return the message
   * @throws org.springframework.context.NoSuchMessageException if not found
   */
  public String getThemeMessage(MessageSourceResolvable resolvable) throws NoSuchMessageException {
    return getTheme().getMessageSource().getMessage(resolvable, this.locale);
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve the Errors instance for the given bind object, using the "defaultHtmlEscape" setting.
   * @param name name of the bind object
   * @return the Errors instance, or {@code null} if not found
   */
  public Errors getErrors(String name) {
    return getErrors(name, isDefaultHtmlEscape());
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve the Errors instance for the given bind object.
   * @param name name of the bind object
   * @param htmlEscape create an Errors instance with automatic HTML escaping?
   * @return the Errors instance, or {@code null} if not found
   */
  public Errors getErrors(String name, boolean htmlEscape) {
    if (this.errorsMap == null) {
      this.errorsMap = new HashMap<String, Errors>();
    }
    Errors errors = this.errorsMap.get(name);
    boolean put = false;
    if (errors == null) {
      errors = (Errors) getModelObject(BindingResult.MODEL_KEY_PREFIX + name);
      // Check old BindException prefix for backwards compatibility.
      if (errors instanceof BindException) {
        errors = ((BindException) errors).getBindingResult();
      }
      if (errors == null) {
        return null;
      }
      put = true;
    }
    if (htmlEscape && !(errors instanceof EscapedErrors)) {
      errors = new EscapedErrors(errors);
      put = true;
    }
    else if (!htmlEscape && errors instanceof EscapedErrors) {
      errors = ((EscapedErrors) errors).getSource();
      put = true;
    }
    if (put) {
      this.errorsMap.put(name, errors);
    }
    return errors;
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve the model object for the given model name, either from the model or from the request attributes.
   * @param modelName the name of the model object
   * @return the model object
   */
  protected Object getModelObject(String modelName) {
    if (this.model != null) {
      return this.model.get(modelName);
    }
    else {
      return this.request.getAttribute(modelName);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Create a BindStatus for the given bind object, using the "defaultHtmlEscape" setting.
   * @param path the bean and property path for which values and errors will be resolved (e.g. "person.age")
   * @return the new BindStatus instance
   * @throws IllegalStateException if no corresponding Errors object found
   */
  public BindStatus getBindStatus(String path) throws IllegalStateException {
    return new BindStatus(this, path, isDefaultHtmlEscape());
  }

  /**
   * Create a BindStatus for the given bind object, using the "defaultHtmlEscape" setting.
   * @param path the bean and property path for which values and errors will be resolved (e.g. "person.age")
   * @param htmlEscape create a BindStatus with automatic HTML escaping?
   * @return the new BindStatus instance
   * @throws IllegalStateException if no corresponding Errors object found
   */
  public BindStatus getBindStatus(String path, boolean htmlEscape) throws IllegalStateException {
    return new BindStatus(this, path, htmlEscape);
  }


  /**
   * Inner class that isolates the JSTL dependency.
   * Just called to resolve the fallback locale if the JSTL API is present.
   */
  private static class JstlLocaleResolver {

    public static Locale getJstlLocale(HttpServletRequest request, ServletContext servletContext) {
      Object localeObject = Config.get(request, Config.FMT_LOCALE);
      if (localeObject == null) {
        HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
        if (session != null) {
          localeObject = Config.get(session, Config.FMT_LOCALE);
        }
        if (localeObject == null && servletContext != null) {
          localeObject = Config.get(servletContext, Config.FMT_LOCALE);
        }
      }
      return (localeObject instanceof Locale ? (Locale) localeObject : null);
    }

    public static TimeZone getJstlTimeZone(HttpServletRequest request, ServletContext servletContext) {
      Object timeZoneObject = Config.get(request, Config.FMT_TIME_ZONE);
      if (timeZoneObject == null) {
        HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
        if (session != null) {
          timeZoneObject = Config.get(session, Config.FMT_TIME_ZONE);
        }
        if (timeZoneObject == null && servletContext != null) {
          timeZoneObject = Config.get(servletContext, Config.FMT_TIME_ZONE);
        }
      }
      return (timeZoneObject instanceof TimeZone ? (TimeZone) timeZoneObject : null);
    }
  }

}
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