/*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
*/
/*
* Normalize.java
* Copyright (C) 1999 University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
*
*/
package weka.filters.unsupervised.attribute;
import weka.core.Capabilities;
import weka.core.Instance;
import weka.core.Instances;
import weka.core.Option;
import weka.core.OptionHandler;
import weka.core.RevisionUtils;
import weka.core.SparseInstance;
import weka.core.Utils;
import weka.core.Capabilities.Capability;
import weka.filters.Sourcable;
import weka.filters.UnsupervisedFilter;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Vector;
/**
<!-- globalinfo-start -->
* Normalizes all numeric values in the given dataset (apart from the class attribute, if set). The resulting values are by default in [0,1] for the data used to compute the normalization intervals. But with the scale and translation parameters one can change that, e.g., with scale = 2.0 and translation = -1.0 you get values in the range [-1,+1].
* <p/>
<!-- globalinfo-end -->
*
<!-- options-start -->
* Valid options are: <p/>
*
* <pre> -unset-class-temporarily
* Unsets the class index temporarily before the filter is
* applied to the data.
* (default: no)</pre>
*
* <pre> -S <num>
* The scaling factor for the output range.
* (default: 1.0)</pre>
*
* <pre> -T <num>
* The translation of the output range.
* (default: 0.0)</pre>
*
<!-- options-end -->
*
* @author Eibe Frank (eibe@cs.waikato.ac.nz)
* @author FracPete (fracpete at waikato dot ac dot nz)
* @version $Revision: 1.13 $
*/
public class Normalize
extends PotentialClassIgnorer
implements UnsupervisedFilter, Sourcable, OptionHandler {
/** for serialization. */
static final long serialVersionUID = -8158531150984362898L;
/** The minimum values for numeric attributes. */
protected double[] m_MinArray;
/** The maximum values for numeric attributes. */
protected double[] m_MaxArray;
/** The translation of the output range. */
protected double m_Translation = 0;
/** The scaling factor of the output range. */
protected double m_Scale = 1.0;
/**
* Returns a string describing this filter.
*
* @return a description of the filter suitable for
* displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui
*/
public String globalInfo() {
return
"Normalizes all numeric values in the given dataset (apart from the "
+ "class attribute, if set). The resulting values are by default "
+ "in [0,1] for the data used to compute the normalization intervals. "
+ "But with the scale and translation parameters one can change that, "
+ "e.g., with scale = 2.0 and translation = -1.0 you get values in the "
+ "range [-1,+1].";
}
/**
* Returns an enumeration describing the available options.
*
* @return an enumeration of all the available options.
*/
public Enumeration listOptions() {
Vector result = new Vector();
Enumeration en = super.listOptions();
while (en.hasMoreElements())
result.addElement(en.nextElement());
result.addElement(new Option(
"\tThe scaling factor for the output range.\n"
+ "\t(default: 1.0)",
"S", 1, "-S <num>"));
result.addElement(new Option(
"\tThe translation of the output range.\n"
+"\t(default: 0.0)",
"T", 1,"-T <num>"));
return result.elements();
}
/**
* Parses a given list of options. <p/>
*
<!-- options-start -->
* Valid options are: <p/>
*
* <pre> -unset-class-temporarily
* Unsets the class index temporarily before the filter is
* applied to the data.
* (default: no)</pre>
*
* <pre> -S <num>
* The scaling factor for the output range.
* (default: 1.0)</pre>
*
* <pre> -T <num>
* The translation of the output range.
* (default: 0.0)</pre>
*
<!-- options-end -->
*
* @param options the list of options as an array of strings
* @throws Exception if an option is not supported
*/
public void setOptions(String[] options) throws Exception {
String tmpStr;
tmpStr = Utils.getOption('S', options);
if (tmpStr.length() != 0)
setScale(Double.parseDouble(tmpStr));
else
setScale(1.0);
tmpStr = Utils.getOption('T', options);
if (tmpStr.length() != 0)
setTranslation(Double.parseDouble(tmpStr));
else
setTranslation(0.0);
if (getInputFormat() != null)
setInputFormat(getInputFormat());
}
/**
* Gets the current settings of the filter.
*
* @return an array of strings suitable for passing to setOptions
*/
public String[] getOptions() {
Vector<String> result;
result = new Vector<String>();
result.add("-S");
result.add("" + getScale());
result.add("-T");
result.add("" + getTranslation());
return result.toArray(new String[result.size()]);
}
/**
* Returns the Capabilities of this filter.
*
* @return the capabilities of this object
* @see Capabilities
*/
public Capabilities getCapabilities() {
Capabilities result = super.getCapabilities();
// attributes
result.enableAllAttributes();
result.enable(Capability.MISSING_VALUES);
// class
result.enableAllClasses();
result.enable(Capability.MISSING_CLASS_VALUES);
result.enable(Capability.NO_CLASS);
return result;
}
/**
* Sets the format of the input instances.
*
* @param instanceInfo an Instances object containing the input
* instance structure (any instances contained in
* the object are ignored - only the structure is
* required).
* @return true if the outputFormat may be collected
* immediately
* @throws Exception if the input format can't be set successfully
*/
public boolean setInputFormat(Instances instanceInfo)
throws Exception {
super.setInputFormat(instanceInfo);
setOutputFormat(instanceInfo);
m_MinArray = m_MaxArray = null;
return true;
}
/**
* Input an instance for filtering. Filter requires all
* training instances be read before producing output.
*
* @param instance the input instance
* @return true if the filtered instance may now be
* collected with output().
* @throws Exception if an error occurs
* @throws IllegalStateException if no input format has been set.
*/
public boolean input(Instance instance) throws Exception {
if (getInputFormat() == null)
throw new IllegalStateException("No input instance format defined");
if (m_NewBatch) {
resetQueue();
m_NewBatch = false;
}
if (m_MinArray == null) {
bufferInput(instance);
return false;
}
else {
convertInstance(instance);
return true;
}
}
/**
* Signify that this batch of input to the filter is finished.
* If the filter requires all instances prior to filtering,
* output() may now be called to retrieve the filtered instances.
*
* @return true if there are instances pending output
* @throws Exception if an error occurs
* @throws IllegalStateException if no input structure has been defined
*/
public boolean batchFinished() throws Exception {
if (getInputFormat() == null)
throw new IllegalStateException("No input instance format defined");
if (m_MinArray == null) {
Instances input = getInputFormat();
// Compute minimums and maximums
m_MinArray = new double[input.numAttributes()];
m_MaxArray = new double[input.numAttributes()];
for (int i = 0; i < input.numAttributes(); i++)
m_MinArray[i] = Double.NaN;
for (int j = 0; j < input.numInstances(); j++) {
double[] value = input.instance(j).toDoubleArray();
for (int i = 0; i < input.numAttributes(); i++) {
if (input.attribute(i).isNumeric() &&
(input.classIndex() != i)) {
if (!Instance.isMissingValue(value[i])) {
if (Double.isNaN(m_MinArray[i])) {
m_MinArray[i] = m_MaxArray[i] = value[i];
}
else {
if (value[i] < m_MinArray[i])
m_MinArray[i] = value[i];
if (value[i] > m_MaxArray[i])
m_MaxArray[i] = value[i];
}
}
}
}
}
// Convert pending input instances
for (int i = 0; i < input.numInstances(); i++)
convertInstance(input.instance(i));
}
// Free memory
flushInput();
m_NewBatch = true;
return (numPendingOutput() != 0);
}
/**
* Convert a single instance over. The converted instance is
* added to the end of the output queue.
*
* @param instance the instance to convert
* @throws Exception if conversion fails
*/
protected void convertInstance(Instance instance) throws Exception {
Instance inst = null;
if (instance instanceof SparseInstance) {
double[] newVals = new double[instance.numAttributes()];
int[] newIndices = new int[instance.numAttributes()];
double[] vals = instance.toDoubleArray();
int ind = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < instance.numAttributes(); j++) {
double value;
if (instance.attribute(j).isNumeric() &&
(!Instance.isMissingValue(vals[j])) &&
(getInputFormat().classIndex() != j)) {
if (Double.isNaN(m_MinArray[j]) ||
(m_MaxArray[j] == m_MinArray[j])) {
value = 0;
}
else {
value = (vals[j] - m_MinArray[j]) /
(m_MaxArray[j] - m_MinArray[j]) * m_Scale + m_Translation;
if (Double.isNaN(value)) {
throw new Exception("A NaN value was generated "
+ "while normalizing "
+ instance.attribute(j).name());
}
}
if (value != 0.0) {
newVals[ind] = value;
newIndices[ind] = j;
ind++;
}
}
else {
value = vals[j];
if (value != 0.0) {
newVals[ind] = value;
newIndices[ind] = j;
ind++;
}
}
}
double[] tempVals = new double[ind];
int[] tempInd = new int[ind];
System.arraycopy(newVals, 0, tempVals, 0, ind);
System.arraycopy(newIndices, 0, tempInd, 0, ind);
inst = new SparseInstance(instance.weight(), tempVals, tempInd,
instance.numAttributes());
}
else {
double[] vals = instance.toDoubleArray();
for (int j = 0; j < getInputFormat().numAttributes(); j++) {
if (instance.attribute(j).isNumeric() &&
(!Instance.isMissingValue(vals[j])) &&
(getInputFormat().classIndex() != j)) {
if (Double.isNaN(m_MinArray[j]) ||
(m_MaxArray[j] == m_MinArray[j])) {
vals[j] = 0;
}
else {
vals[j] = (vals[j] - m_MinArray[j]) /
(m_MaxArray[j] - m_MinArray[j]) * m_Scale + m_Translation;
if (Double.isNaN(vals[j])) {
throw new Exception("A NaN value was generated "
+ "while normalizing "
+ instance.attribute(j).name());
}
}
}
}
inst = new Instance(instance.weight(), vals);
}
inst.setDataset(instance.dataset());
push(inst);
}
/**
* Returns a string that describes the filter as source. The
* filter will be contained in a class with the given name (there may
* be auxiliary classes),
* and will contain two methods with these signatures:
* <pre><code>
* // converts one row
* public static Object[] filter(Object[] i);
* // converts a full dataset (first dimension is row index)
* public static Object[][] filter(Object[][] i);
* </code></pre>
* where the array <code>i</code> contains elements that are either
* Double, String, with missing values represented as null. The generated
* code is public domain and comes with no warranty.
*
* @param className the name that should be given to the source class.
* @param data the dataset used for initializing the filter
* @return the object source described by a string
* @throws Exception if the source can't be computed
*/
public String toSource(String className, Instances data) throws Exception {
StringBuffer result;
boolean[] process;
int i;
result = new StringBuffer();
// determine what attributes were processed
process = new boolean[data.numAttributes()];
for (i = 0; i < data.numAttributes(); i++)
process[i] = (data.attribute(i).isNumeric() && (i != data.classIndex()));
result.append("class " + className + " {\n");
result.append("\n");
result.append(" /** lists which attributes will be processed */\n");
result.append(" protected final static boolean[] PROCESS = new boolean[]{" + Utils.arrayToString(process) + "};\n");
result.append("\n");
result.append(" /** the minimum values for numeric values */\n");
result.append(" protected final static double[] MIN = new double[]{" + Utils.arrayToString(m_MinArray).replaceAll("NaN", "Double.NaN") + "};\n");
result.append("\n");
result.append(" /** the maximum values for numeric values */\n");
result.append(" protected final static double[] MAX = new double[]{" + Utils.arrayToString(m_MaxArray) + "};\n");
result.append("\n");
result.append(" /** the scale factor */\n");
result.append(" protected final static double SCALE = " + m_Scale + ";\n");
result.append("\n");
result.append(" /** the translation */\n");
result.append(" protected final static double TRANSLATION = " + m_Translation + ";\n");
result.append("\n");
result.append(" /**\n");
result.append(" * filters a single row\n");
result.append(" * \n");
result.append(" * @param i the row to process\n");
result.append(" * @return the processed row\n");
result.append(" */\n");
result.append(" public static Object[] filter(Object[] i) {\n");
result.append(" Object[] result;\n");
result.append("\n");
result.append(" result = new Object[i.length];\n");
result.append(" for (int n = 0; n < i.length; n++) {\n");
result.append(" if (PROCESS[n] && (i[n] != null)) {\n");
result.append(" if (Double.isNaN(MIN[n]) || (MIN[n] == MAX[n]))\n");
result.append(" result[n] = 0;\n");
result.append(" else\n");
result.append(" result[n] = (((Double) i[n]) - MIN[n]) / (MAX[n] - MIN[n]) * SCALE + TRANSLATION;\n");
result.append(" }\n");
result.append(" else {\n");
result.append(" result[n] = i[n];\n");
result.append(" }\n");
result.append(" }\n");
result.append("\n");
result.append(" return result;\n");
result.append(" }\n");
result.append("\n");
result.append(" /**\n");
result.append(" * filters multiple rows\n");
result.append(" * \n");
result.append(" * @param i the rows to process\n");
result.append(" * @return the processed rows\n");
result.append(" */\n");
result.append(" public static Object[][] filter(Object[][] i) {\n");
result.append(" Object[][] result;\n");
result.append("\n");
result.append(" result = new Object[i.length][];\n");
result.append(" for (int n = 0; n < i.length; n++) {\n");
result.append(" result[n] = filter(i[n]);\n");
result.append(" }\n");
result.append("\n");
result.append(" return result;\n");
result.append(" }\n");
result.append("}\n");
return result.toString();
}
/**
* Returns the calculated minimum values for the attributes in the data.
*
* @return the array with the minimum values
*/
public double[] getMinArray() {
return m_MinArray;
}
/**
* Returns the calculated maximum values for the attributes in the data.
*
* @return the array with the maximum values
*/
public double[] getMaxArray() {
return m_MaxArray;
}
/**
* Returns the tip text for this property.
*
* @return tip text for this property suitable for
* displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui
*/
public String scaleTipText() {
return "The factor for scaling the output range (default: 1).";
}
/**
* Get the scaling factor.
*
* @return the factor
*/
public double getScale() {
return m_Scale;
}
/**
* Sets the scaling factor.
*
* @param value the scaling factor
*/
public void setScale(double value) {
m_Scale = value;
}
/**
* Returns the tip text for this property.
*
* @return tip text for this property suitable for
* displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui
*/
public String translationTipText() {
return "The translation of the output range (default: 0).";
}
/**
* Get the translation.
*
* @return the translation
*/
public double getTranslation() {
return m_Translation;
}
/**
* Sets the translation.
*
* @param value the translation
*/
public void setTranslation(double value) {
m_Translation = value;
}
/**
* Returns the revision string.
*
* @return the revision
*/
public String getRevision() {
return RevisionUtils.extract("$Revision: 1.13 $");
}
/**
* Main method for running this filter.
*
* @param args should contain arguments to the filter, use -h for help
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
runFilter(new Normalize(), args);
}
}