/**
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this
* work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF
* licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
* the License.
*/
package org.apache.cassandra.hadoop.pig;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.*;
import org.apache.cassandra.config.ConfigurationException;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.AbstractType;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.BytesType;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.IntegerType;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.TypeParser;
import org.apache.cassandra.thrift.*;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.FBUtilities;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.Hex;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.UUIDGen;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.Column;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.IColumn;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.*;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.AbstractCompositeType.CompositeComponent;
import org.apache.cassandra.hadoop.*;
import org.apache.cassandra.thrift.Mutation;
import org.apache.cassandra.thrift.Deletion;
import org.apache.cassandra.thrift.ColumnOrSuperColumn;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.ByteBufferUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.*;
import org.apache.pig.*;
import org.apache.pig.backend.executionengine.ExecException;
import org.apache.pig.backend.hadoop.executionengine.mapReduceLayer.PigSplit;
import org.apache.pig.data.*;
import org.apache.pig.ResourceSchema.ResourceFieldSchema;
import org.apache.pig.impl.util.UDFContext;
import org.apache.thrift.TDeserializer;
import org.apache.thrift.TException;
import org.apache.thrift.TSerializer;
/**
* A LoadStoreFunc for retrieving data from and storing data to Cassandra
*
* A row from a standard CF will be returned as nested tuples: (key, ((name1, val1), (name2, val2))).
*/
public class CassandraStorage extends LoadFunc implements StoreFuncInterface, LoadMetadata
{
// system environment variables that can be set to configure connection info:
// alternatively, Hadoop JobConf variables can be set using keys from ConfigHelper
public final static String PIG_INPUT_RPC_PORT = "PIG_INPUT_RPC_PORT";
public final static String PIG_INPUT_INITIAL_ADDRESS = "PIG_INPUT_INITIAL_ADDRESS";
public final static String PIG_INPUT_PARTITIONER = "PIG_INPUT_PARTITIONER";
public final static String PIG_OUTPUT_RPC_PORT = "PIG_OUTPUT_RPC_PORT";
public final static String PIG_OUTPUT_INITIAL_ADDRESS = "PIG_OUTPUT_INITIAL_ADDRESS";
public final static String PIG_OUTPUT_PARTITIONER = "PIG_OUTPUT_PARTITIONER";
public final static String PIG_RPC_PORT = "PIG_RPC_PORT";
public final static String PIG_INITIAL_ADDRESS = "PIG_INITIAL_ADDRESS";
public final static String PIG_PARTITIONER = "PIG_PARTITIONER";
public final static String PIG_INPUT_FORMAT = "PIG_INPUT_FORMAT";
public final static String PIG_OUTPUT_FORMAT = "PIG_OUTPUT_FORMAT";
public final static String PIG_ALLOW_DELETES = "PIG_ALLOW_DELETES";
public final static String PIG_WIDEROW_INPUT = "PIG_WIDEROW_INPUT";
public final static String PIG_USE_SECONDARY = "PIG_USE_SECONDARY";
private final static String DEFAULT_INPUT_FORMAT = "org.apache.cassandra.hadoop.ColumnFamilyInputFormat";
private final static String DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FORMAT = "org.apache.cassandra.hadoop.ColumnFamilyOutputFormat";
private final static String PARTITION_FILTER_SIGNATURE = "cassandra.partition.filter";
private final static ByteBuffer BOUND = ByteBufferUtil.EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER;
private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(CassandraStorage.class);
private ByteBuffer slice_start = BOUND;
private ByteBuffer slice_end = BOUND;
private boolean slice_reverse = false;
private boolean allow_deletes = false;
private String keyspace;
private String column_family;
private String loadSignature;
private String storeSignature;
private Configuration conf;
private RecordReader<ByteBuffer, Map<ByteBuffer, IColumn>> reader;
private RecordWriter<ByteBuffer, List<Mutation>> writer;
private String inputFormatClass;
private String outputFormatClass;
private int limit;
private boolean widerows = false;
private boolean usePartitionFilter = false;
// wide row hacks
private ByteBuffer lastKey;
private Map<ByteBuffer,IColumn> lastRow;
private boolean hasNext = true;
public CassandraStorage()
{
this(1024);
}
/**
* @param limit number of columns to fetch in a slice
*/
public CassandraStorage(int limit)
{
super();
this.limit = limit;
}
public int getLimit()
{
return limit;
}
public Tuple getNextWide() throws IOException
{
CfDef cfDef = getCfDef(loadSignature);
ByteBuffer key = null;
Tuple tuple = TupleFactory.getInstance().newTuple();
DefaultDataBag bag = new DefaultDataBag();
try
{
while(true)
{
hasNext = reader.nextKeyValue();
if (!hasNext)
{
if (lastRow != null)
{
if (tuple.size() == 0) // lastRow is a new one
{
key = (ByteBuffer)reader.getCurrentKey();
tuple.append(new DataByteArray(key.array(), key.position()+key.arrayOffset(), key.limit()+key.arrayOffset()));
}
for (Map.Entry<ByteBuffer, IColumn> entry : lastRow.entrySet())
{
bag.add(columnToTuple(entry.getValue(), cfDef, parseType(cfDef.getComparator_type())));
}
lastKey = null;
lastRow = null;
tuple.append(bag);
return tuple;
}
else
{
if (tuple.size() == 1) // rare case of just one wide row, key already set
{
tuple.append(bag);
return tuple;
}
else
return null;
}
}
if (key != null && !((ByteBuffer)reader.getCurrentKey()).equals(key)) // key changed
{
// read too much, hold on to it for next time
lastKey = (ByteBuffer)reader.getCurrentKey();
lastRow = (SortedMap<ByteBuffer,IColumn>)reader.getCurrentValue();
// but return what we have so far
tuple.append(bag);
return tuple;
}
if (key == null) // only set the key on the first iteration
{
key = (ByteBuffer)reader.getCurrentKey();
if (lastKey != null && !(key.equals(lastKey))) // last key only had one value
{
tuple.append(new DataByteArray(lastKey.array(), lastKey.position()+lastKey.arrayOffset(), lastKey.limit()+lastKey.arrayOffset()));
for (Map.Entry<ByteBuffer, IColumn> entry : lastRow.entrySet())
{
bag.add(columnToTuple(entry.getValue(), cfDef, parseType(cfDef.getComparator_type())));
}
tuple.append(bag);
lastKey = key;
lastRow = (SortedMap<ByteBuffer,IColumn>)reader.getCurrentValue();
return tuple;
}
tuple.append(new DataByteArray(key.array(), key.position()+key.arrayOffset(), key.limit()+key.arrayOffset()));
}
SortedMap<ByteBuffer,IColumn> row = (SortedMap<ByteBuffer,IColumn>)reader.getCurrentValue();
if (lastRow != null) // prepend what was read last time
{
for (Map.Entry<ByteBuffer, IColumn> entry : lastRow.entrySet())
{
bag.add(columnToTuple(entry.getValue(), cfDef, parseType(cfDef.getComparator_type())));
}
lastKey = null;
lastRow = null;
}
for (Map.Entry<ByteBuffer, IColumn> entry : row.entrySet())
{
bag.add(columnToTuple(entry.getValue(), cfDef, parseType(cfDef.getComparator_type())));
}
}
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
throw new IOException(e.getMessage());
}
}
@Override
public Tuple getNext() throws IOException
{
if (widerows)
return getNextWide();
try
{
// load the next pair
if (!reader.nextKeyValue())
return null;
CfDef cfDef = getCfDef(loadSignature);
ByteBuffer key = reader.getCurrentKey();
Map<ByteBuffer, IColumn> cf = reader.getCurrentValue();
assert key != null && cf != null;
// output tuple, will hold the key, each indexed column in a tuple, then a bag of the rest
// NOTE: we're setting the tuple size here only for the key so we can use setTupleValue on it
Tuple tuple = keyToTuple(key, cfDef, parseType(cfDef.getKey_validation_class()));
DefaultDataBag bag = new DefaultDataBag();
// we must add all the indexed columns first to match the schema
Map<ByteBuffer, Boolean> added = new HashMap<ByteBuffer, Boolean>();
// take care to iterate these in the same order as the schema does
for (ColumnDef cdef : cfDef.column_metadata)
{
if (cf.containsKey(cdef.name))
{
tuple.append(columnToTuple(cf.get(cdef.name), cfDef, parseType(cfDef.getComparator_type())));
}
else
{ // otherwise, we need to add an empty tuple to take its place
tuple.append(TupleFactory.getInstance().newTuple());
}
added.put(cdef.name, true);
}
// now add all the other columns
for (Map.Entry<ByteBuffer, IColumn> entry : cf.entrySet())
{
if (!added.containsKey(entry.getKey()))
bag.add(columnToTuple(entry.getValue(), cfDef, parseType(cfDef.getComparator_type())));
}
tuple.append(bag);
// finally, special top-level indexes if needed
if (usePartitionFilter)
{
for (ColumnDef cdef : getIndexes())
{
Tuple throwaway = columnToTuple(cf.get(cdef.name), cfDef, parseType(cfDef.getComparator_type()));
tuple.append(throwaway.get(1));
}
}
return tuple;
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
throw new IOException(e.getMessage());
}
}
/**
* Deconstructs a composite type to a Tuple.
*/
private Tuple composeComposite( AbstractCompositeType comparator, ByteBuffer name ) throws IOException
{
List<CompositeComponent> result = comparator.deconstruct( name );
Tuple t = TupleFactory.getInstance().newTuple( result.size() );
for( int i = 0; i < result.size(); i++ )
{
setTupleValue( t, i, result.get(i).comparator.compose( result.get(i).value ) );
}
return t;
}
private Tuple keyToTuple(ByteBuffer key, CfDef cfDef, AbstractType comparator) throws IOException
{
Tuple tuple = TupleFactory.getInstance().newTuple(1);
if( comparator instanceof AbstractCompositeType )
{
setTupleValue(tuple, 0, composeComposite((AbstractCompositeType)comparator,key));
}
else
{
setTupleValue(tuple, 0, getDefaultMarshallers(cfDef).get(2).compose(key));
}
return tuple;
}
private Tuple columnToTuple(IColumn col, CfDef cfDef, AbstractType comparator) throws IOException
{
Tuple pair = TupleFactory.getInstance().newTuple(2);
if( comparator instanceof AbstractCompositeType )
{
setTupleValue(pair, 0, composeComposite((AbstractCompositeType)comparator,col.name()));
}
else
{
setTupleValue(pair, 0, comparator.compose(col.name()));
}
if (col instanceof Column)
{
// standard
List<AbstractType> marshallers = getDefaultMarshallers(cfDef);
Map<ByteBuffer,AbstractType> validators = getValidatorMap(cfDef);
if (validators.get(col.name()) == null)
setTupleValue(pair, 1, marshallers.get(1).compose(col.value()));
else
setTupleValue(pair, 1, validators.get(col.name()).compose(col.value()));
return pair;
}
else
{
// super
ArrayList<Tuple> subcols = new ArrayList<Tuple>();
for (IColumn subcol : col.getSubColumns())
subcols.add(columnToTuple(subcol, cfDef, parseType(cfDef.getSubcomparator_type())));
pair.set(1, new DefaultDataBag(subcols));
}
return pair;
}
private void setTupleValue(Tuple pair, int position, Object value) throws ExecException
{
if (value instanceof BigInteger)
pair.set(position, ((BigInteger) value).intValue());
else if (value instanceof ByteBuffer)
pair.set(position, new DataByteArray(ByteBufferUtil.getArray((ByteBuffer) value)));
else if (value instanceof UUID)
pair.set(position, new DataByteArray(UUIDGen.decompose((java.util.UUID) value)));
else if (value instanceof Date)
pair.set(position, DateType.instance.decompose((Date) value).getLong());
else
pair.set(position, value);
}
private CfDef getCfDef(String signature)
{
UDFContext context = UDFContext.getUDFContext();
Properties property = context.getUDFProperties(CassandraStorage.class);
return cfdefFromString(property.getProperty(signature));
}
private List<IndexExpression> getIndexExpressions()
{
UDFContext context = UDFContext.getUDFContext();
Properties property = context.getUDFProperties(CassandraStorage.class);
if (property.getProperty(PARTITION_FILTER_SIGNATURE) != null)
return indexExpressionsFromString(property.getProperty(PARTITION_FILTER_SIGNATURE));
else
return null;
}
private List<AbstractType> getDefaultMarshallers(CfDef cfDef) throws IOException
{
ArrayList<AbstractType> marshallers = new ArrayList<AbstractType>();
AbstractType comparator;
AbstractType subcomparator;
AbstractType default_validator;
AbstractType key_validator;
comparator = parseType(cfDef.getComparator_type());
subcomparator = parseType(cfDef.getSubcomparator_type());
default_validator = parseType(cfDef.getDefault_validation_class());
key_validator = parseType(cfDef.getKey_validation_class());
marshallers.add(comparator);
marshallers.add(default_validator);
marshallers.add(key_validator);
marshallers.add(subcomparator);
return marshallers;
}
private Map<ByteBuffer, AbstractType> getValidatorMap(CfDef cfDef) throws IOException
{
Map<ByteBuffer, AbstractType> validators = new HashMap<ByteBuffer, AbstractType>();
for (ColumnDef cd : cfDef.getColumn_metadata())
{
if (cd.getValidation_class() != null && !cd.getValidation_class().isEmpty())
{
AbstractType validator = null;
try
{
validator = TypeParser.parse(cd.getValidation_class());
validators.put(cd.name, validator);
}
catch (ConfigurationException e)
{
throw new IOException(e);
}
}
}
return validators;
}
private AbstractType parseType(String type) throws IOException
{
try
{
// always treat counters like longs, specifically CCT.compose is not what we need
if (type != null && type.equals("org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.CounterColumnType"))
return LongType.instance;
return TypeParser.parse(type);
}
catch (ConfigurationException e)
{
throw new IOException(e);
}
}
@Override
public InputFormat getInputFormat()
{
try
{
return FBUtilities.construct(inputFormatClass, "inputformat");
}
catch (ConfigurationException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
@Override
public void prepareToRead(RecordReader reader, PigSplit split)
{
this.reader = reader;
}
public static Map<String, String> getQueryMap(String query)
{
String[] params = query.split("&");
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
for (String param : params)
{
String[] keyValue = param.split("=");
map.put(keyValue[0], keyValue[1]);
}
return map;
}
private void setLocationFromUri(String location) throws IOException
{
// parse uri into keyspace and columnfamily
String names[];
try
{
if (!location.startsWith("cassandra://"))
throw new Exception("Bad scheme.");
String[] urlParts = location.split("\\?");
if (urlParts.length > 1)
{
Map<String, String> urlQuery = getQueryMap(urlParts[1]);
AbstractType comparator = BytesType.instance;
if (urlQuery.containsKey("comparator"))
comparator = TypeParser.parse(urlQuery.get("comparator"));
if (urlQuery.containsKey("slice_start"))
slice_start = comparator.fromString(urlQuery.get("slice_start"));
if (urlQuery.containsKey("slice_end"))
slice_end = comparator.fromString(urlQuery.get("slice_end"));
if (urlQuery.containsKey("reversed"))
slice_reverse = Boolean.parseBoolean(urlQuery.get("reversed"));
if (urlQuery.containsKey("limit"))
limit = Integer.parseInt(urlQuery.get("limit"));
if (urlQuery.containsKey("allow_deletes"))
allow_deletes = Boolean.parseBoolean(urlQuery.get("allow_deletes"));
if (urlQuery.containsKey("widerows"))
widerows = Boolean.parseBoolean(urlQuery.get("widerows"));
if (urlQuery.containsKey("use_secondary"))
usePartitionFilter = Boolean.parseBoolean(urlQuery.get("use_secondary"));
}
String[] parts = urlParts[0].split("/+");
keyspace = parts[1];
column_family = parts[2];
}
catch (Exception e)
{
throw new IOException("Expected 'cassandra://<keyspace>/<columnfamily>[?slice_start=<start>&slice_end=<end>[&reversed=true][&limit=1][&allow_deletes=true][widerows=true][use_secondary=true]]': " + e.getMessage());
}
}
private void setConnectionInformation() throws IOException
{
if (System.getenv(PIG_RPC_PORT) != null)
{
ConfigHelper.setInputRpcPort(conf, System.getenv(PIG_RPC_PORT));
ConfigHelper.setOutputRpcPort(conf, System.getenv(PIG_RPC_PORT));
}
if (System.getenv(PIG_INPUT_RPC_PORT) != null)
ConfigHelper.setInputRpcPort(conf, System.getenv(PIG_INPUT_RPC_PORT));
if (System.getenv(PIG_OUTPUT_RPC_PORT) != null)
ConfigHelper.setOutputRpcPort(conf, System.getenv(PIG_OUTPUT_RPC_PORT));
if (System.getenv(PIG_INITIAL_ADDRESS) != null)
{
ConfigHelper.setInputInitialAddress(conf, System.getenv(PIG_INITIAL_ADDRESS));
ConfigHelper.setOutputInitialAddress(conf, System.getenv(PIG_INITIAL_ADDRESS));
}
if (System.getenv(PIG_INPUT_INITIAL_ADDRESS) != null)
ConfigHelper.setInputInitialAddress(conf, System.getenv(PIG_INPUT_INITIAL_ADDRESS));
if (System.getenv(PIG_OUTPUT_INITIAL_ADDRESS) != null)
ConfigHelper.setOutputInitialAddress(conf, System.getenv(PIG_OUTPUT_INITIAL_ADDRESS));
if (System.getenv(PIG_PARTITIONER) != null)
{
ConfigHelper.setInputPartitioner(conf, System.getenv(PIG_PARTITIONER));
ConfigHelper.setOutputPartitioner(conf, System.getenv(PIG_PARTITIONER));
}
if(System.getenv(PIG_INPUT_PARTITIONER) != null)
ConfigHelper.setInputPartitioner(conf, System.getenv(PIG_INPUT_PARTITIONER));
if(System.getenv(PIG_OUTPUT_PARTITIONER) != null)
ConfigHelper.setOutputPartitioner(conf, System.getenv(PIG_OUTPUT_PARTITIONER));
if (System.getenv(PIG_INPUT_FORMAT) != null)
inputFormatClass = getFullyQualifiedClassName(System.getenv(PIG_INPUT_FORMAT));
else
inputFormatClass = DEFAULT_INPUT_FORMAT;
if (System.getenv(PIG_OUTPUT_FORMAT) != null)
outputFormatClass = getFullyQualifiedClassName(System.getenv(PIG_OUTPUT_FORMAT));
else
outputFormatClass = DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FORMAT;
if (System.getenv(PIG_ALLOW_DELETES) != null)
allow_deletes = Boolean.valueOf(System.getenv(PIG_ALLOW_DELETES));
}
private String getFullyQualifiedClassName(String classname)
{
return classname.contains(".") ? classname : "org.apache.cassandra.hadoop." + classname;
}
@Override
public void setLocation(String location, Job job) throws IOException
{
conf = job.getConfiguration();
setLocationFromUri(location);
if (ConfigHelper.getInputSlicePredicate(conf) == null)
{
SliceRange range = new SliceRange(slice_start, slice_end, slice_reverse, limit);
SlicePredicate predicate = new SlicePredicate().setSlice_range(range);
ConfigHelper.setInputSlicePredicate(conf, predicate);
}
if (System.getenv(PIG_WIDEROW_INPUT) != null)
widerows = Boolean.valueOf(System.getenv(PIG_WIDEROW_INPUT));
if (System.getenv(PIG_USE_SECONDARY) != null)
usePartitionFilter = Boolean.valueOf(System.getenv(PIG_USE_SECONDARY));
if (usePartitionFilter && getIndexExpressions() != null)
ConfigHelper.setInputRange(conf, getIndexExpressions());
ConfigHelper.setInputColumnFamily(conf, keyspace, column_family, widerows);
setConnectionInformation();
if (ConfigHelper.getInputRpcPort(conf) == 0)
throw new IOException("PIG_INPUT_RPC_PORT or PIG_RPC_PORT environment variable not set");
if (ConfigHelper.getInputInitialAddress(conf) == null)
throw new IOException("PIG_INPUT_INITIAL_ADDRESS or PIG_INITIAL_ADDRESS environment variable not set");
if (ConfigHelper.getInputPartitioner(conf) == null)
throw new IOException("PIG_INPUT_PARTITIONER or PIG_PARTITIONER environment variable not set");
if (loadSignature == null)
loadSignature = location;
initSchema(loadSignature);
}
public ResourceSchema getSchema(String location, Job job) throws IOException
{
setLocation(location, job);
CfDef cfDef = getCfDef(loadSignature);
if (cfDef.column_type.equals("Super"))
return null;
/*
Our returned schema should look like this:
(key, index1:(name, value), index2:(name, value), columns:{(name, value)})
Which is to say, columns that have metadata will be returned as named tuples, but unknown columns will go into a bag.
This way, wide rows can still be handled by the bag, but known columns can easily be referenced.
*/
// top-level schema, no type
ResourceSchema schema = new ResourceSchema();
// get default marshallers and validators
List<AbstractType> marshallers = getDefaultMarshallers(cfDef);
Map<ByteBuffer,AbstractType> validators = getValidatorMap(cfDef);
// add key
ResourceFieldSchema keyFieldSchema = new ResourceFieldSchema();
keyFieldSchema.setName("key");
keyFieldSchema.setType(getPigType(marshallers.get(2)));
ResourceSchema bagSchema = new ResourceSchema();
ResourceFieldSchema bagField = new ResourceFieldSchema();
bagField.setType(DataType.BAG);
bagField.setName("columns");
// inside the bag, place one tuple with the default comparator/validator schema
ResourceSchema bagTupleSchema = new ResourceSchema();
ResourceFieldSchema bagTupleField = new ResourceFieldSchema();
bagTupleField.setType(DataType.TUPLE);
ResourceFieldSchema bagcolSchema = new ResourceFieldSchema();
ResourceFieldSchema bagvalSchema = new ResourceFieldSchema();
bagcolSchema.setName("name");
bagvalSchema.setName("value");
bagcolSchema.setType(getPigType(marshallers.get(0)));
bagvalSchema.setType(getPigType(marshallers.get(1)));
bagTupleSchema.setFields(new ResourceFieldSchema[] { bagcolSchema, bagvalSchema });
bagTupleField.setSchema(bagTupleSchema);
bagSchema.setFields(new ResourceFieldSchema[] { bagTupleField });
bagField.setSchema(bagSchema);
// will contain all fields for this schema
List<ResourceFieldSchema> allSchemaFields = new ArrayList<ResourceFieldSchema>();
// add the key first, then the indexed columns, and finally the bag
allSchemaFields.add(keyFieldSchema);
// defined validators/indexes
for (ColumnDef cdef : cfDef.column_metadata)
{
// make a new tuple for each col/val pair
ResourceSchema innerTupleSchema = new ResourceSchema();
ResourceFieldSchema innerTupleField = new ResourceFieldSchema();
innerTupleField.setType(DataType.TUPLE);
innerTupleField.setSchema(innerTupleSchema);
innerTupleField.setName(new String(cdef.getName()));
ResourceFieldSchema idxColSchema = new ResourceFieldSchema();
idxColSchema.setName("name");
idxColSchema.setType(getPigType(marshallers.get(0)));
ResourceFieldSchema valSchema = new ResourceFieldSchema();
AbstractType validator = validators.get(cdef.name);
if (validator == null)
validator = marshallers.get(1);
valSchema.setName("value");
valSchema.setType(getPigType(validator));
innerTupleSchema.setFields(new ResourceFieldSchema[] { idxColSchema, valSchema });
allSchemaFields.add(innerTupleField);
}
// bag at the end for unknown columns
allSchemaFields.add(bagField);
// add top-level index elements if needed
if (usePartitionFilter)
{
for (ColumnDef cdef : getIndexes())
{
ResourceFieldSchema idxSchema = new ResourceFieldSchema();
idxSchema.setName("index_" + new String(cdef.getName()));
AbstractType validator = validators.get(cdef.name);
if (validator == null)
validator = marshallers.get(1);
idxSchema.setType(getPigType(validator));
allSchemaFields.add(idxSchema);
}
}
// top level schema contains everything
schema.setFields(allSchemaFields.toArray(new ResourceFieldSchema[allSchemaFields.size()]));
return schema;
}
private byte getPigType(AbstractType type)
{
if (type instanceof LongType || type instanceof DateType) // DateType is bad and it should feel bad
return DataType.LONG;
else if (type instanceof IntegerType || type instanceof Int32Type) // IntegerType will overflow at 2**31, but is kept for compatibility until pig has a BigInteger
return DataType.INTEGER;
else if (type instanceof AsciiType)
return DataType.CHARARRAY;
else if (type instanceof UTF8Type)
return DataType.CHARARRAY;
else if (type instanceof FloatType)
return DataType.FLOAT;
else if (type instanceof DoubleType)
return DataType.DOUBLE;
else if (type instanceof AbstractCompositeType )
return DataType.TUPLE;
return DataType.BYTEARRAY;
}
public ResourceStatistics getStatistics(String location, Job job)
{
return null;
}
public String[] getPartitionKeys(String location, Job job)
{
if (!usePartitionFilter)
return null;
List<ColumnDef> indexes = getIndexes();
String[] partitionKeys = new String[indexes.size()];
for (int i = 0; i < indexes.size(); i++)
{
partitionKeys[i] = new String(indexes.get(i).getName());
}
return partitionKeys;
}
public void setPartitionFilter(Expression partitionFilter)
{
UDFContext context = UDFContext.getUDFContext();
Properties property = context.getUDFProperties(CassandraStorage.class);
property.setProperty(PARTITION_FILTER_SIGNATURE, indexExpressionsToString(filterToIndexExpressions(partitionFilter)));
}
private List<IndexExpression> filterToIndexExpressions(Expression expression)
{
List<IndexExpression> indexExpressions = new ArrayList<IndexExpression>();
Expression.BinaryExpression be = (Expression.BinaryExpression)expression;
ByteBuffer name = ByteBuffer.wrap(be.getLhs().toString().getBytes());
ByteBuffer value = ByteBuffer.wrap(be.getRhs().toString().getBytes());
switch (expression.getOpType())
{
case OP_EQ:
indexExpressions.add(new IndexExpression(name, IndexOperator.EQ, value));
break;
case OP_GE:
indexExpressions.add(new IndexExpression(name, IndexOperator.GTE, value));
break;
case OP_GT:
indexExpressions.add(new IndexExpression(name, IndexOperator.GT, value));
break;
case OP_LE:
indexExpressions.add(new IndexExpression(name, IndexOperator.LTE, value));
break;
case OP_LT:
indexExpressions.add(new IndexExpression(name, IndexOperator.LT, value));
break;
case OP_AND:
indexExpressions.addAll(filterToIndexExpressions(be.getLhs()));
indexExpressions.addAll(filterToIndexExpressions(be.getRhs()));
break;
default:
throw new RuntimeException("Unsupported expression type: " + expression.getOpType().name());
}
return indexExpressions;
}
private List<ColumnDef> getIndexes()
{
CfDef cfdef = getCfDef(loadSignature);
List<ColumnDef> indexes = new ArrayList<ColumnDef>();
for (ColumnDef cdef : cfdef.column_metadata)
{
if (cdef.index_type != null)
indexes.add(cdef);
}
return indexes;
}
@Override
public String relativeToAbsolutePath(String location, Path curDir) throws IOException
{
return location;
}
@Override
public void setUDFContextSignature(String signature)
{
this.loadSignature = signature;
}
/* StoreFunc methods */
public void setStoreFuncUDFContextSignature(String signature)
{
this.storeSignature = signature;
}
public String relToAbsPathForStoreLocation(String location, Path curDir) throws IOException
{
return relativeToAbsolutePath(location, curDir);
}
public void setStoreLocation(String location, Job job) throws IOException
{
conf = job.getConfiguration();
setLocationFromUri(location);
ConfigHelper.setOutputColumnFamily(conf, keyspace, column_family);
setConnectionInformation();
if (ConfigHelper.getOutputRpcPort(conf) == 0)
throw new IOException("PIG_OUTPUT_RPC_PORT or PIG_RPC_PORT environment variable not set");
if (ConfigHelper.getOutputInitialAddress(conf) == null)
throw new IOException("PIG_OUTPUT_INITIAL_ADDRESS or PIG_INITIAL_ADDRESS environment variable not set");
if (ConfigHelper.getOutputPartitioner(conf) == null)
throw new IOException("PIG_OUTPUT_PARTITIONER or PIG_PARTITIONER environment variable not set");
// we have to do this again here for the check in writeColumnsFromTuple
if (System.getenv(PIG_USE_SECONDARY) != null)
usePartitionFilter = Boolean.valueOf(System.getenv(PIG_USE_SECONDARY));
initSchema(storeSignature);
}
public OutputFormat getOutputFormat()
{
try
{
return FBUtilities.construct(outputFormatClass, "outputformat");
}
catch (ConfigurationException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public void checkSchema(ResourceSchema schema) throws IOException
{
// we don't care about types, they all get casted to ByteBuffers
}
public void prepareToWrite(RecordWriter writer)
{
this.writer = writer;
}
private ByteBuffer objToBB(Object o)
{
if (o == null)
return (ByteBuffer)o;
if (o instanceof java.lang.String)
return ByteBuffer.wrap(new DataByteArray((String)o).get());
if (o instanceof Integer)
return Int32Type.instance.decompose((Integer)o);
if (o instanceof Long)
return LongType.instance.decompose((Long)o);
if (o instanceof Float)
return FloatType.instance.decompose((Float)o);
if (o instanceof Double)
return DoubleType.instance.decompose((Double)o);
if (o instanceof UUID)
return ByteBuffer.wrap(UUIDGen.decompose((UUID) o));
if(o instanceof Tuple) {
List<Object> objects = ((Tuple)o).getAll();
List<ByteBuffer> serialized = new ArrayList<ByteBuffer>(objects.size());
int totalLength = 0;
for(Object sub : objects)
{
ByteBuffer buffer = objToBB(sub);
serialized.add(buffer);
totalLength += 2 + buffer.remaining() + 1;
}
ByteBuffer out = ByteBuffer.allocate(totalLength);
for (ByteBuffer bb : serialized)
{
int length = bb.remaining();
out.put((byte) ((length >> 8) & 0xFF));
out.put((byte) (length & 0xFF));
out.put(bb);
out.put((byte) 0);
}
out.flip();
return out;
}
return ByteBuffer.wrap(((DataByteArray) o).get());
}
public void putNext(Tuple t) throws IOException
{
/*
We support two cases for output:
First, the original output:
(key, (name, value), (name,value), {(name,value)}) (tuples or bag is optional)
For supers, we only accept the original output.
*/
if (t.size() < 1)
{
// simply nothing here, we can't even delete without a key
logger.warn("Empty output skipped, filter empty tuples to suppress this warning");
return;
}
ByteBuffer key = objToBB(t.get(0));
if (t.getType(1) == DataType.TUPLE)
writeColumnsFromTuple(key, t, 1);
else if (t.getType(1) == DataType.BAG)
{
if (t.size() > 2)
throw new IOException("No arguments allowed after bag");
writeColumnsFromBag(key, (DefaultDataBag) t.get(1));
}
else
throw new IOException("Second argument in output must be a tuple or bag");
}
private void writeColumnsFromTuple(ByteBuffer key, Tuple t, int offset) throws IOException
{
ArrayList<Mutation> mutationList = new ArrayList<Mutation>();
for (int i = offset; i < t.size(); i++)
{
if (t.getType(i) == DataType.BAG)
writeColumnsFromBag(key, (DefaultDataBag) t.get(i));
else if (t.getType(i) == DataType.TUPLE)
{
Tuple inner = (Tuple) t.get(i);
if (inner.size() > 0) // may be empty, for an indexed column that wasn't present
mutationList.add(mutationFromTuple(inner));
}
else if (!usePartitionFilter)
{
throw new IOException("Output type was not a bag or a tuple");
}
}
if (mutationList.size() > 0)
writeMutations(key, mutationList);
}
private Mutation mutationFromTuple(Tuple t) throws IOException
{
Mutation mutation = new Mutation();
if (t.get(1) == null)
{
if (allow_deletes)
{
mutation.deletion = new Deletion();
mutation.deletion.predicate = new org.apache.cassandra.thrift.SlicePredicate();
mutation.deletion.predicate.column_names = Arrays.asList(objToBB(t.get(0)));
mutation.deletion.setTimestamp(FBUtilities.timestampMicros());
}
else
throw new IOException("null found but deletes are disabled, set " + PIG_ALLOW_DELETES +
"=true in environment or allow_deletes=true in URL to enable");
}
else
{
org.apache.cassandra.thrift.Column column = new org.apache.cassandra.thrift.Column();
column.setName(objToBB(t.get(0)));
column.setValue(objToBB(t.get(1)));
column.setTimestamp(FBUtilities.timestampMicros());
mutation.column_or_supercolumn = new ColumnOrSuperColumn();
mutation.column_or_supercolumn.column = column;
}
return mutation;
}
private void writeColumnsFromBag(ByteBuffer key, DefaultDataBag bag) throws IOException
{
List<Mutation> mutationList = new ArrayList<Mutation>();
for (Tuple pair : bag)
{
Mutation mutation = new Mutation();
if (DataType.findType(pair.get(1)) == DataType.BAG) // supercolumn
{
SuperColumn sc = new SuperColumn();
sc.setName(objToBB(pair.get(0)));
List<org.apache.cassandra.thrift.Column> columns = new ArrayList<org.apache.cassandra.thrift.Column>();
for (Tuple subcol : (DefaultDataBag) pair.get(1))
{
org.apache.cassandra.thrift.Column column = new org.apache.cassandra.thrift.Column();
column.setName(objToBB(subcol.get(0)));
column.setValue(objToBB(subcol.get(1)));
column.setTimestamp(FBUtilities.timestampMicros());
columns.add(column);
}
if (columns.isEmpty())
{
if (allow_deletes)
{
mutation.deletion = new Deletion();
mutation.deletion.super_column = objToBB(pair.get(0));
mutation.deletion.setTimestamp(FBUtilities.timestampMicros());
}
else
throw new IOException("SuperColumn deletion attempted with empty bag, but deletes are disabled, set " +
PIG_ALLOW_DELETES + "=true in environment or allow_deletes=true in URL to enable");
}
else
{
sc.columns = columns;
mutation.column_or_supercolumn = new ColumnOrSuperColumn();
mutation.column_or_supercolumn.super_column = sc;
}
}
else
mutation = mutationFromTuple(pair);
mutationList.add(mutation);
// for wide rows, we need to limit the amount of mutations we write at once
if (mutationList.size() >= 10) // arbitrary, CFOF will re-batch this up, and BOF won't care
{
writeMutations(key, mutationList);
mutationList.clear();
}
}
// write the last batch
if (mutationList.size() > 0)
writeMutations(key, mutationList);
}
private void writeMutations(ByteBuffer key, List<Mutation> mutations) throws IOException
{
try
{
writer.write(key, mutations);
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
throw new IOException(e);
}
}
public void cleanupOnFailure(String failure, Job job)
{
}
/* Methods to get the column family schema from Cassandra */
private void initSchema(String signature)
{
UDFContext context = UDFContext.getUDFContext();
Properties property = context.getUDFProperties(CassandraStorage.class);
// Only get the schema if we haven't already gotten it
if (!property.containsKey(signature))
{
Cassandra.Client client = null;
try
{
client = ConfigHelper.getClientFromInputAddressList(conf);
CfDef cfDef = null;
client.set_keyspace(keyspace);
KsDef ksDef = client.describe_keyspace(keyspace);
List<CfDef> defs = ksDef.getCf_defs();
for (CfDef def : defs)
{
if (column_family.equalsIgnoreCase(def.getName()))
{
cfDef = def;
break;
}
}
if (cfDef != null)
property.setProperty(signature, cfdefToString(cfDef));
else
throw new RuntimeException("Column family '" + column_family + "' not found in keyspace '" + keyspace + "'");
}
catch (TException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
catch (InvalidRequestException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
catch (NotFoundException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
private static String cfdefToString(CfDef cfDef)
{
assert cfDef != null;
// this is so awful it's kind of cool!
TSerializer serializer = new TSerializer(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory());
try
{
return Hex.bytesToHex(serializer.serialize(cfDef));
}
catch (TException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
private static CfDef cfdefFromString(String st)
{
assert st != null;
TDeserializer deserializer = new TDeserializer(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory());
CfDef cfDef = new CfDef();
try
{
deserializer.deserialize(cfDef, Hex.hexToBytes(st));
}
catch (TException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
return cfDef;
}
private static String indexExpressionsToString(List<IndexExpression> indexExpressions)
{
assert indexExpressions != null;
// oh, you thought cfdefToString was awful?
IndexClause indexClause = new IndexClause();
indexClause.setExpressions(indexExpressions);
indexClause.setStart_key("".getBytes());
TSerializer serializer = new TSerializer(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory());
try
{
return Hex.bytesToHex(serializer.serialize(indexClause));
}
catch (TException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
private static List<IndexExpression> indexExpressionsFromString(String ie)
{
assert ie != null;
TDeserializer deserializer = new TDeserializer(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory());
IndexClause indexClause = new IndexClause();
try
{
deserializer.deserialize(indexClause, Hex.hexToBytes(ie));
}
catch (TException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
return indexClause.getExpressions();
}
}