Package org.apache.cocoon.portlet

Source Code of org.apache.cocoon.portlet.CocoonPortlet

/*
* Copyright 1999-2004 The Apache Software Foundation.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
*      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.cocoon.portlet;

import org.apache.avalon.excalibur.logger.Log4JLoggerManager;
import org.apache.avalon.excalibur.logger.LogKitLoggerManager;
import org.apache.avalon.excalibur.logger.LoggerManager;
import org.apache.avalon.framework.activity.Disposable;
import org.apache.avalon.framework.activity.Initializable;
import org.apache.avalon.framework.component.ComponentManager;
import org.apache.avalon.framework.configuration.Configurable;
import org.apache.avalon.framework.configuration.Configuration;
import org.apache.avalon.framework.configuration.DefaultConfigurationBuilder;
import org.apache.avalon.framework.container.ContainerUtil;
import org.apache.avalon.framework.context.Contextualizable;
import org.apache.avalon.framework.context.DefaultContext;
import org.apache.avalon.framework.logger.LogEnabled;
import org.apache.avalon.framework.logger.LogKitLogger;
import org.apache.avalon.framework.logger.Logger;

import org.apache.cocoon.Cocoon;
import org.apache.cocoon.ConnectionResetException;
import org.apache.cocoon.Constants;
import org.apache.cocoon.ResourceNotFoundException;
import org.apache.cocoon.components.notification.DefaultNotifyingBuilder;
import org.apache.cocoon.components.notification.Notifier;
import org.apache.cocoon.components.notification.Notifying;
import org.apache.cocoon.environment.Environment;
import org.apache.cocoon.environment.portlet.PortletContext;
import org.apache.cocoon.environment.portlet.PortletEnvironment;
import org.apache.cocoon.portlet.multipart.MultipartActionRequest;
import org.apache.cocoon.portlet.multipart.RequestFactory;
import org.apache.cocoon.util.ClassUtils;
import org.apache.cocoon.util.IOUtils;
import org.apache.cocoon.util.StringUtils;
import org.apache.cocoon.util.log.CocoonLogFormatter;
import org.apache.cocoon.util.log.Log4JConfigurator;

import org.apache.commons.lang.BooleanUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.SystemUtils;
import org.apache.excalibur.instrument.InstrumentManager;
import org.apache.excalibur.instrument.manager.impl.DefaultInstrumentManagerImpl;
import org.apache.log.ContextMap;
import org.apache.log.ErrorHandler;
import org.apache.log.Hierarchy;
import org.apache.log.Priority;
import org.apache.log.util.DefaultErrorHandler;
import org.apache.log4j.LogManager;

import javax.portlet.ActionRequest;
import javax.portlet.ActionResponse;
import javax.portlet.GenericPortlet;
import javax.portlet.PortletConfig;
import javax.portlet.PortletException;
import javax.portlet.PortletSession;
import javax.portlet.RenderRequest;
import javax.portlet.RenderResponse;
import javax.portlet.PortletRequest;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.util.jar.Attributes;
import java.util.jar.Manifest;

/**
* This is the entry point for Cocoon execution as an JSR-168 Portlet.
*
* @version CVS $Id: CocoonPortlet.java 365359 2006-01-02 15:19:58Z cziegeler $
*/
public class CocoonPortlet extends GenericPortlet {

    /**
     * Application <code>Context</code> Key for the portlet configuration
     * @since 2.1.3
     */
    public static final String CONTEXT_PORTLET_CONFIG = "portlet-config";

    // Processing time message
    protected static final String PROCESSED_BY = "Processed by "
            + Constants.COMPLETE_NAME + " in ";

    // Used by "show-time"
    static final float SECOND = 1000;
    static final float MINUTE = 60 * SECOND;
    static final float HOUR   = 60 * MINUTE;

    private Logger log;
    private LoggerManager loggerManager;

    /**
     * The time the cocoon instance was created
     */
    protected long creationTime = 0;

    /**
     * The <code>Cocoon</code> instance
     */
    protected Cocoon cocoon;

    /**
     * Holds exception happened during initialization (if any)
     */
    protected Exception exception;

    /**
     * Avalon application context
     */
    protected DefaultContext appContext = new DefaultContext();


    /**
     * Default value for {@link #allowReload} parameter (false)
     */
    protected static final boolean ALLOW_RELOAD = false;

    /**
     * Allow reloading of cocoon by specifying the <code>cocoon-reload=true</code> parameter with a request
     */
    protected boolean allowReload;


    /**
     * Allow adding processing time to the response
     */
    protected boolean showTime;

    /**
     * If true, processing time will be added as an HTML comment
     */
    protected boolean hiddenShowTime;


    /**
     * Default value for {@link #enableUploads} parameter (false)
     */
    private static final boolean ENABLE_UPLOADS = false;
    private static final boolean SAVE_UPLOADS_TO_DISK = true;
    private static final int MAX_UPLOAD_SIZE = 10000000; // 10Mb

    /**
     * Allow processing of upload requests (mime/multipart)
     */
    private boolean enableUploads;
    private boolean autoSaveUploads;
    private boolean allowOverwrite;
    private boolean silentlyRename;
    private int maxUploadSize;

    private File uploadDir;
    private File workDir;
    private File cacheDir;
    private String containerEncoding;
    private String defaultFormEncoding;

    protected javax.portlet.PortletContext portletContext;

    /** The classloader that will be set as the context classloader if init-classloader is true */
    protected ClassLoader classLoader = this.getClass().getClassLoader();
    protected boolean initClassLoader = false;

    private String parentComponentManagerClass;
    private String parentComponentManagerInitParam;

    /** The parent ComponentManager, if any. Stored here in order to be able to dispose it in destroy(). */
    private ComponentManager parentComponentManager;

    protected String forceLoadParameter;
    protected String forceSystemProperty;

    /**
     * If true or not set, this class will try to catch and handle all Cocoon exceptions.
     * If false, it will rethrow them to the portlet container.
     */
    private boolean manageExceptions;

    /**
     * Flag to enable avalon excalibur instrumentation of Cocoon.
     */
    private boolean enableInstrumentation;

    /**
     * The <code>InstrumentManager</code> instance
     */
    private InstrumentManager instrumentManager;

    /**
     * This is the path to the portlet context (or the result
     * of calling getRealPath('/') on the PortletContext.
     * Note, that this can be null.
     */
    protected String portletContextPath;

    /**
     * This is the url to the portlet context directory
     */
    protected String portletContextURL;

    /**
     * The RequestFactory is responsible for wrapping multipart-encoded
     * forms and for handing the file payload of incoming requests
     */
    protected RequestFactory requestFactory;

    /**
     * Value to be used as servletPath in the request.
     * Provided via configuration parameter, if missing, defaults to the
     * '/portlets/' + portletName.
     */
    protected String servletPath;

    /**
     * Default scope for the session attributes, either
     * {@link javax.portlet.PortletSession#PORTLET_SCOPE} or
     * {@link javax.portlet.PortletSession#APPLICATION_SCOPE}.
     * This corresponds to <code>default-session-scope</code>
     * parameter, with default value <code>portlet</code>.
     *
     * @see org.apache.cocoon.environment.portlet.PortletSession
     */
    protected int defaultSessionScope;

    /**
     * Store pathInfo in session
     */
    protected boolean storeSessionPath;

    /**
     * Initialize this <code>CocoonPortlet</code> instance.
     *
     * <p>Uses the following parameters:
     *  portlet-logger
     *  enable-uploads
     *  autosave-uploads
     *  overwrite-uploads
     *  upload-max-size
     *  show-time
     *  container-encoding
     *  form-encoding
     *  manage-exceptions
     *  servlet-path
     *
     * @param conf The PortletConfig object from the portlet container.
     * @throws PortletException
     */
    public void init(PortletConfig conf) throws PortletException {

        super.init(conf);

        // Check the init-classloader parameter only if it's not already true.
        // This is useful for subclasses of this portlet that override the value
        // initially set by this class (i.e. false).
        if (!this.initClassLoader) {
            this.initClassLoader = getInitParameterAsBoolean("init-classloader", false);
        }

        if (this.initClassLoader) {
            // Force context classloader so that JAXP can work correctly
            // (see javax.xml.parsers.FactoryFinder.findClassLoader())
            try {
                Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(this.classLoader);
            } catch (Exception e) {
            }
        }

        try {
            // FIXME (VG): We shouldn't have to specify these. Need to override
            // jaxp implementation of weblogic before initializing logger.
            // This piece of code is also required in the Cocoon class.
            String value = System.getProperty("javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory");
            if (value != null && value.startsWith("weblogic")) {
                System.setProperty("javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory", "org.apache.xerces.jaxp.SAXParserFactoryImpl");
                System.setProperty("javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory", "org.apache.xerces.jaxp.DocumentBuilderFactoryImpl");
            }
        } catch (SecurityException e) {
            // Ignore security exception
            System.out.println("CocoonPortlet: Could not check system properties, got: " + e);
        }

        this.portletContext = conf.getPortletContext();
        this.appContext.put(Constants.CONTEXT_ENVIRONMENT_CONTEXT, new PortletContext(this.portletContext));
        this.portletContextPath = this.portletContext.getRealPath("/");

        // first init the work-directory for the logger.
        // this is required if we are running inside a war file!
        final String workDirParam = getInitParameter("work-directory");
        if (workDirParam != null) {
            if (this.portletContextPath == null) {
                // No context path : consider work-directory as absolute
                this.workDir = new File(workDirParam);
            } else {
                // Context path exists : is work-directory absolute ?
                File workDirParamFile = new File(workDirParam);
                if (workDirParamFile.isAbsolute()) {
                    // Yes : keep it as is
                    this.workDir = workDirParamFile;
                } else {
                    // No : consider it relative to context path
                    this.workDir = new File(portletContextPath, workDirParam);
                }
            }
        } else {
            // TODO: Check portlet specification
            this.workDir = (File) this.portletContext.getAttribute("javax.servlet.context.tempdir");
            if (this.workDir == null) {
                this.workDir = new File(this.portletContext.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/work"));
            }
            this.workDir = new File(workDir, "cocoon-files");
        }
        this.workDir.mkdirs();
        this.appContext.put(Constants.CONTEXT_WORK_DIR, workDir);

        String path = this.portletContextPath;
        // these two variables are just for debugging. We can't log at this point
        // as the logger isn't initialized yet.
        String debugPathOne = null, debugPathTwo = null;
        if (path == null) {
            // Try to figure out the path of the root from that of WEB-INF
            try {
                path = this.portletContext.getResource("/WEB-INF").toString();
            } catch (MalformedURLException me) {
                throw new PortletException("Unable to get resource 'WEB-INF'.", me);
            }
            debugPathOne = path;
            path = path.substring(0, path.length() - "WEB-INF".length());
            debugPathTwo = path;
        }

        try {
            if (path.indexOf(':') > 1) {
                this.portletContextURL = path;
            } else {
                this.portletContextURL = new File(path).toURL().toExternalForm();
            }
        } catch (MalformedURLException me) {
            // VG: Novell has absolute file names starting with the
            // volume name which is easily more then one letter.
            // Examples: sys:/apache/cocoon or sys:\apache\cocoon
            try {
                this.portletContextURL = new File(path).toURL().toExternalForm();
            } catch (MalformedURLException ignored) {
                throw new PortletException("Unable to determine portlet context URL.", me);
            }
        }
        try {
            this.appContext.put("context-root", new URL(this.portletContextURL));
        } catch (MalformedURLException ignore) {
            // we simply ignore this
        }

        // Init logger
        initLogger();

        if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
            getLogger().debug("getRealPath for /: " + this.portletContextPath);
            if (this.portletContextPath == null) {
                getLogger().debug("getResource for /WEB-INF: " + debugPathOne);
                getLogger().debug("Path for Root: " + debugPathTwo);
            }
        }

        this.forceLoadParameter = getInitParameter("load-class", null);
        this.forceSystemProperty = getInitParameter("force-property", null);

        // Output some debug info
        if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
            getLogger().debug("Portlet Context URL: " + this.portletContextURL);
            if (workDirParam != null) {
                getLogger().debug("Using work-directory " + this.workDir);
            } else {
                getLogger().debug("Using default work-directory " + this.workDir);
            }
        }

        final String uploadDirParam = conf.getInitParameter("upload-directory");
        if (uploadDirParam != null) {
            if (this.portletContextPath == null) {
                this.uploadDir = new File(uploadDirParam);
            } else {
                // Context path exists : is upload-directory absolute ?
                File uploadDirParamFile = new File(uploadDirParam);
                if (uploadDirParamFile.isAbsolute()) {
                    // Yes : keep it as is
                    this.uploadDir = uploadDirParamFile;
                } else {
                    // No : consider it relative to context path
                    this.uploadDir = new File(portletContextPath, uploadDirParam);
                }
            }
            if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
                getLogger().debug("Using upload-directory " + this.uploadDir);
            }
        } else {
            this.uploadDir = new File(workDir, "upload-dir" + File.separator);
            if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
                getLogger().debug("Using default upload-directory " + this.uploadDir);
            }
        }
        this.uploadDir.mkdirs();
        this.appContext.put(Constants.CONTEXT_UPLOAD_DIR, this.uploadDir);

        this.enableUploads = getInitParameterAsBoolean("enable-uploads", ENABLE_UPLOADS);

        this.autoSaveUploads = getInitParameterAsBoolean("autosave-uploads", SAVE_UPLOADS_TO_DISK);

        String overwriteParam = getInitParameter("overwrite-uploads", "rename");
        // accepted values are deny|allow|rename - rename is default.
        if ("deny".equalsIgnoreCase(overwriteParam)) {
            this.allowOverwrite = false;
            this.silentlyRename = false;
        } else if ("allow".equalsIgnoreCase(overwriteParam)) {
            this.allowOverwrite = true;
            this.silentlyRename = false; // ignored in this case
        } else {
            // either rename is specified or unsupported value - default to rename.
            this.allowOverwrite = false;
            this.silentlyRename = true;
        }

        this.maxUploadSize = getInitParameterAsInteger("upload-max-size", MAX_UPLOAD_SIZE);

        String cacheDirParam = conf.getInitParameter("cache-directory");
        if (cacheDirParam != null) {
            if (this.portletContextPath == null) {
                this.cacheDir = new File(cacheDirParam);
            } else {
                // Context path exists : is cache-directory absolute ?
                File cacheDirParamFile = new File(cacheDirParam);
                if (cacheDirParamFile.isAbsolute()) {
                    // Yes : keep it as is
                    this.cacheDir = cacheDirParamFile;
                } else {
                    // No : consider it relative to context path
                    this.cacheDir = new File(portletContextPath, cacheDirParam);
                }
            }
            if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
                getLogger().debug("Using cache-directory " + this.cacheDir);
            }
        } else {
            this.cacheDir = IOUtils.createFile(workDir, "cache-dir" + File.separator);
            if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
                getLogger().debug("cache-directory was not set - defaulting to " + this.cacheDir);
            }
        }
        this.cacheDir.mkdirs();
        this.appContext.put(Constants.CONTEXT_CACHE_DIR, this.cacheDir);

        this.appContext.put(Constants.CONTEXT_CONFIG_URL,
                            getConfigFile(conf.getInitParameter("configurations")));
        if (conf.getInitParameter("configurations") == null) {
            if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
                getLogger().debug("configurations was not set - defaulting to... ?");
            }
        }

        // get allow reload parameter, default is true
        this.allowReload = getInitParameterAsBoolean("allow-reload", ALLOW_RELOAD);

        String value = conf.getInitParameter("show-time");
        this.showTime = BooleanUtils.toBoolean(value) || (this.hiddenShowTime = "hide".equals(value));
        if (value == null) {
            if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
                getLogger().debug("show-time was not set - defaulting to false");
            }
        }

        parentComponentManagerClass = getInitParameter("parent-component-manager", null);
        if (parentComponentManagerClass != null) {
            int dividerPos = parentComponentManagerClass.indexOf('/');
            if (dividerPos != -1) {
                parentComponentManagerInitParam = parentComponentManagerClass.substring(dividerPos + 1);
                parentComponentManagerClass = parentComponentManagerClass.substring(0, dividerPos);
            }
        }

        this.containerEncoding = getInitParameter("container-encoding", "ISO-8859-1");
        this.defaultFormEncoding = getInitParameter("form-encoding", "ISO-8859-1");

        this.appContext.put(Constants.CONTEXT_DEFAULT_ENCODING, this.defaultFormEncoding);
        this.manageExceptions = getInitParameterAsBoolean("manage-exceptions", true);

        this.enableInstrumentation = getInitParameterAsBoolean("enable-instrumentation", false);

        this.requestFactory = new RequestFactory(this.autoSaveUploads,
                                                 this.uploadDir,
                                                 this.allowOverwrite,
                                                 this.silentlyRename,
                                                 this.maxUploadSize,
                                                 this.defaultFormEncoding);

        this.servletPath = getInitParameter("servlet-path", null);
        if (this.servletPath != null) {
            if (this.servletPath.startsWith("/")) {
                this.servletPath = this.servletPath.substring(1);
            }
            if (this.servletPath.endsWith("/")) {
                this.servletPath = servletPath.substring(0, servletPath.length() - 1);
            }
        }

        final String sessionScopeParam = getInitParameter("default-session-scope", "portlet");
        if ("application".equalsIgnoreCase(sessionScopeParam)) {
            this.defaultSessionScope = javax.portlet.PortletSession.APPLICATION_SCOPE;
        } else {
            this.defaultSessionScope = javax.portlet.PortletSession.PORTLET_SCOPE;
        }

        // Add the portlet configuration
        this.appContext.put(CONTEXT_PORTLET_CONFIG, conf);
        this.createCocoon();
    }

    /**
     * Dispose Cocoon when portlet is destroyed
     */
    public void destroy() {
        if (this.initClassLoader) {
            try {
                Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(this.classLoader);
            } catch (Exception e) {
            }
        }

        if (this.cocoon != null) {
            if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
                getLogger().debug("Portlet destroyed - disposing Cocoon");
            }
            this.disposeCocoon();
        }

        if (this.instrumentManager instanceof Disposable) {
            ((Disposable) this.instrumentManager).dispose();
        }

        if (this.parentComponentManager != null && this.parentComponentManager instanceof Disposable) {
            ((Disposable) this.parentComponentManager).dispose();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Adds an URL to the classloader. Does nothing here, but can
     * be overriden.
     */
    protected void addClassLoaderURL(URL URL) {
        // Nothing
    }

    /**
     * Adds a directory to the classloader. Does nothing here, but can
     * be overriden.
     */
    protected void addClassLoaderDirectory(String dir) {
        // Nothing
    }

    /**
     * This builds the important ClassPath used by this Portlet.  It
     * does so in a Portlet Engine neutral way.  It uses the
     * <code>PortletContext</code>'s <code>getRealPath</code> method
     * to get the Portlet identified classes and lib directories.
     * It iterates in alphabetical order through every file in the
     * lib directory and adds it to the classpath.
     *
     * Also, we add the files to the ClassLoader for the Cocoon system.
     * In order to protect ourselves from skitzofrantic classloaders,
     * we need to work with a known one.
     *
     * We need to get this to work properly when Cocoon is in a war.
     *
     * @throws PortletException
     */
    protected String getClassPath() throws PortletException {
        StringBuffer buildClassPath = new StringBuffer();

        File root = null;
        if (portletContextPath != null) {
            // Old method.  There *MUST* be a better method than this...

            String classDir = this.portletContext.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes");
            String libDir = this.portletContext.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/lib");

            if (libDir != null) {
                root = new File(libDir);
            }

            if (classDir != null) {
                buildClassPath.append(classDir);

                addClassLoaderDirectory(classDir);
            }
        } else {
            // New(ish) method for war'd deployments
            URL classDirURL = null;
            URL libDirURL = null;

            try {
                classDirURL = this.portletContext.getResource("/WEB-INF/classes");
            } catch (MalformedURLException me) {
                if (getLogger().isWarnEnabled()) {
                    this.getLogger().warn("Unable to add WEB-INF/classes to the classpath", me);
                }
            }

            try {
                libDirURL = this.portletContext.getResource("/WEB-INF/lib");
            } catch (MalformedURLException me) {
                if (getLogger().isWarnEnabled()) {
                    this.getLogger().warn("Unable to add WEB-INF/lib to the classpath", me);
                }
            }

            if (libDirURL != null && libDirURL.toExternalForm().startsWith("file:")) {
                root = new File(libDirURL.toExternalForm().substring("file:".length()));
            }

            if (classDirURL != null) {
                buildClassPath.append(classDirURL.toExternalForm());

                addClassLoaderURL(classDirURL);
            }
        }

        // Unable to find lib directory. Going the hard way.
        if (root == null) {
            root = extractLibraries();
        }

        if (root != null && root.isDirectory()) {
            File[] libraries = root.listFiles();
            Arrays.sort(libraries);
            for (int i = 0; i < libraries.length; i++) {
                String fullName = IOUtils.getFullFilename(libraries[i]);
                buildClassPath.append(File.pathSeparatorChar).append(fullName);

                addClassLoaderDirectory(fullName);
            }
        }

        buildClassPath.append(File.pathSeparatorChar)
                      .append(SystemUtils.JAVA_CLASS_PATH);

        buildClassPath.append(File.pathSeparatorChar)
                      .append(getExtraClassPath());
        return buildClassPath.toString();
    }

    private File extractLibraries() {
        try {
            URL manifestURL = this.portletContext.getResource("/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF");
            if (manifestURL == null) {
                this.getLogger().fatalError("Unable to get Manifest");
                return null;
            }

            Manifest mf = new Manifest(manifestURL.openStream());
            Attributes attr = mf.getMainAttributes();
            String libValue = attr.getValue("Cocoon-Libs");
            if (libValue == null) {
                this.getLogger().fatalError("Unable to get 'Cocoon-Libs' attribute from the Manifest");
                return null;
            }

            List libList = new ArrayList();
            for (StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(libValue, " "); st.hasMoreTokens();) {
                libList.add(st.nextToken());
            }

            File root = new File(this.workDir, "lib");
            root.mkdirs();

            File[] oldLibs = root.listFiles();
            for (int i = 0; i < oldLibs.length; i++) {
                String oldLib = oldLibs[i].getName();
                if (!libList.contains(oldLib)) {
                    this.getLogger().debug("Removing old library " + oldLibs[i]);
                    oldLibs[i].delete();
                }
            }

            this.getLogger().warn("Extracting libraries into " + root);
            byte[] buffer = new byte[65536];
            for (Iterator i = libList.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
                String libName = (String) i.next();

                long lastModified = -1;
                try {
                    lastModified = Long.parseLong(attr.getValue("Cocoon-Lib-" + libName.replace('.', '_')));
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    this.getLogger().debug("Failed to parse lastModified: " + attr.getValue("Cocoon-Lib-" + libName.replace('.', '_')));
                }

                File lib = new File(root, libName);
                if (lib.exists() && lib.lastModified() != lastModified) {
                    this.getLogger().debug("Removing modified library " + lib);
                    lib.delete();
                }

                InputStream is = this.portletContext.getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/lib/" + libName);
                if (is == null) {
                    this.getLogger().warn("Skipping " + libName);
                } else {
                    this.getLogger().debug("Extracting " + libName);
                    OutputStream os = null;
                    try {
                        os = new FileOutputStream(lib);
                        int count;
                        while ((count = is.read(buffer)) > 0) {
                            os.write(buffer, 0, count);
                        }
                    } finally {
                        if (is != null) is.close();
                        if (os != null) os.close();
                    }
                }

                if (lastModified != -1) {
                    lib.setLastModified(lastModified);
                }
            }

            return root;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            this.getLogger().fatalError("Exception while processing Manifest file", e);
            return null;
        }
    }


    /**
     * Retreives the "extra-classpath" attribute, that needs to be
     * added to the class path.
     *
     * @throws PortletException
     */
    protected String getExtraClassPath() throws PortletException {
        String extraClassPath = this.getInitParameter("extra-classpath");
        if (extraClassPath != null) {
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
            StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(extraClassPath, SystemUtils.PATH_SEPARATOR, false);
            int i = 0;
            while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
                String s = st.nextToken();
                if (i++ > 0) {
                    sb.append(File.pathSeparatorChar);
                }
                if ((s.charAt(0) == File.separatorChar) ||
                        (s.charAt(1) == ':')) {
                    if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
                        getLogger().debug("extraClassPath is absolute: " + s);
                    }
                    sb.append(s);

                    addClassLoaderDirectory(s);
                } else {
                    if (s.indexOf("${") != -1) {
                        String path = StringUtils.replaceToken(s);
                        sb.append(path);
                        if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
                            getLogger().debug("extraClassPath is not absolute replacing using token: [" + s + "] : " + path);
                        }
                        addClassLoaderDirectory(path);
                    } else {
                        String path = null;
                        if (this.portletContextPath != null) {
                            path = this.portletContextPath + s;
                            if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
                                getLogger().debug("extraClassPath is not absolute pre-pending context path: " + path);
                            }
                        } else {
                            path = this.workDir.toString() + s;
                            if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
                                getLogger().debug("extraClassPath is not absolute pre-pending work-directory: " + path);
                            }
                        }
                        sb.append(path);
                        addClassLoaderDirectory(path);
                    }
                }
            }
            return sb.toString();
        }
        return "";
    }

    /**
     * Set up the log level and path.  The default log level is
     * Priority.ERROR, although it can be overwritten by the parameter
     * "log-level".  The log system goes to both a file and the Portlet
     * container's log system.  Only messages that are Priority.ERROR
     * and above go to the portlet context.  The log messages can
     * be as restrictive (Priority.FATAL_ERROR and above) or as liberal
     * (Priority.DEBUG and above) as you want that get routed to the
     * file.
     */
    protected void initLogger() {
        final String logLevel = getInitParameter("log-level", "INFO");

        final String accesslogger = getInitParameter("portlet-logger", "cocoon");

        final Priority logPriority = Priority.getPriorityForName(logLevel);

        final CocoonLogFormatter formatter = new CocoonLogFormatter();
        formatter.setFormat("%7.7{priority} %{time}   [%8.8{category}] " +
                            "(%{uri}) %{thread}/%{class:short}: %{message}\\n%{throwable}");
        final PortletOutputLogTarget servTarget = new PortletOutputLogTarget(this.portletContext, formatter);

        final Hierarchy defaultHierarchy = Hierarchy.getDefaultHierarchy();
        final ErrorHandler errorHandler = new DefaultErrorHandler();
        defaultHierarchy.setErrorHandler(errorHandler);
        defaultHierarchy.setDefaultLogTarget(servTarget);
        defaultHierarchy.setDefaultPriority(logPriority);
        final Logger logger = new LogKitLogger(Hierarchy.getDefaultHierarchy().getLoggerFor(""));
        final String loggerManagerClass =
            this.getInitParameter("logger-class", LogKitLoggerManager.class.getName());

        // the log4j support requires currently that the log4j system is already configured elsewhere

        final LoggerManager loggerManager =
                newLoggerManager(loggerManagerClass, defaultHierarchy);
        ContainerUtil.enableLogging(loggerManager, logger);

        final DefaultContext subcontext = new DefaultContext(this.appContext);
        subcontext.put("portlet-context", this.portletContext);
        if (this.portletContextPath == null) {
            File logSCDir = new File(this.workDir, "log");
            logSCDir.mkdirs();
            if (getLogger().isWarnEnabled()) {
                getLogger().warn("Setting context-root for LogKit to " + logSCDir);
            }
            subcontext.put("context-root", logSCDir.toString());
        } else {
            subcontext.put("context-root", this.portletContextPath);
        }

        try {
            ContainerUtil.contextualize(loggerManager, subcontext);
            this.loggerManager = loggerManager;

            if (loggerManager instanceof Configurable) {
            //Configure the logkit management
            String logkitConfig = getInitParameter("logkit-config", "/WEB-INF/logkit.xconf");

            // test if this is a qualified url
            InputStream is = null;
            if (logkitConfig.indexOf(':') == -1) {
                is = this.portletContext.getResourceAsStream(logkitConfig);
                if (is == null) is = new FileInputStream(logkitConfig);
            } else {
                URL logkitURL = new URL(logkitConfig);
                is = logkitURL.openStream();
            }
            final DefaultConfigurationBuilder builder = new DefaultConfigurationBuilder();
            final Configuration conf = builder.build(is);
                ContainerUtil.configure(loggerManager, conf);
            }

            // let's configure log4j
            final String log4jConfig = getInitParameter("log4j-config", null);
            if ( log4jConfig != null ) {
                final Log4JConfigurator configurator = new Log4JConfigurator(subcontext);

                // test if this is a qualified url
                InputStream is = null;
                if ( log4jConfig.indexOf(':') == -1) {
                    is = this.portletContext.getResourceAsStream(log4jConfig);
                    if (is == null) is = new FileInputStream(log4jConfig);
                } else {
                    final URL log4jURL = new URL(log4jConfig);
                    is = log4jURL.openStream();
                }
                configurator.doConfigure(is, LogManager.getLoggerRepository());
            }

            ContainerUtil.initialize(loggerManager);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            errorHandler.error("Could not set up Cocoon Logger, will use screen instead", e, null);
        }

        this.log = this.loggerManager.getLoggerForCategory(accesslogger);
    }

    private LoggerManager newLoggerManager(String loggerManagerClass, Hierarchy hierarchy) {
        if (loggerManagerClass.equals(LogKitLoggerManager.class.getName())) {
            return new LogKitLoggerManager(hierarchy);
        } else if (loggerManagerClass.equals(Log4JLoggerManager.class.getName()) ||
                   loggerManagerClass.equalsIgnoreCase("LOG4J")) {
            return new Log4JLoggerManager();
        } else {
            try {
                Class clazz = Class.forName(loggerManagerClass);
                return (LoggerManager)clazz.newInstance();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                return new LogKitLoggerManager(hierarchy);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Set the ConfigFile for the Cocoon object.
     *
     * @param configFileName The file location for the cocoon.xconf
     *
     * @throws PortletException
     */
    private URL getConfigFile(final String configFileName)
    throws PortletException {
        final String usedFileName;

        if (configFileName == null) {
            if (getLogger().isWarnEnabled()) {
                getLogger().warn("Portlet initialization argument 'configurations' not specified, attempting to use '/WEB-INF/cocoon.xconf'");
            }
            usedFileName = "/WEB-INF/cocoon.xconf";
        } else {
            usedFileName = configFileName;
        }

        if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
            getLogger().debug("Using configuration file: " + usedFileName);
        }

        URL result;
        try {
            // test if this is a qualified url
            if (usedFileName.indexOf(':') == -1) {
                result = this.portletContext.getResource(usedFileName);
            } else {
                result = new URL(usedFileName);
            }
        } catch (Exception mue) {
            String msg = "Init parameter 'configurations' is invalid : " + usedFileName;
            getLogger().error(msg, mue);
            throw new PortletException(msg, mue);
        }

        if (result == null) {
            File resultFile = new File(usedFileName);
            if (resultFile.isFile()) {
                try {
                    result = resultFile.getCanonicalFile().toURL();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    String msg = "Init parameter 'configurations' is invalid : " + usedFileName;
                    getLogger().error(msg, e);
                    throw new PortletException(msg, e);
                }
            }
        }

        if (result == null) {
            String msg = "Init parameter 'configuration' doesn't name an existing resource : " + usedFileName;
            getLogger().error(msg);
            throw new PortletException(msg);
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Handle the <code>load-class</code> parameter. This overcomes
     * limits in many classpath issues. One of the more notorious
     * ones is a bug in WebSphere that does not load the URL handler
     * for the <code>classloader://</code> protocol. In order to
     * overcome that bug, set <code>load-class</code> parameter to
     * the <code>com.ibm.servlet.classloader.Handler</code> value.
     *
     * <p>If you need to load more than one class, then separate each
     * entry with whitespace, a comma, or a semi-colon. Cocoon will
     * strip any whitespace from the entry.</p>
     */
    private void forceLoad() {
        if (this.forceLoadParameter != null) {
            StringTokenizer fqcnTokenizer = new StringTokenizer(forceLoadParameter, " \t\r\n\f;,", false);

            while (fqcnTokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
                final String fqcn = fqcnTokenizer.nextToken().trim();

                try {
                    if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
                        getLogger().debug("Trying to load class: " + fqcn);
                    }
                    ClassUtils.loadClass(fqcn).newInstance();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    if (getLogger().isWarnEnabled()) {
                        getLogger().warn("Could not force-load class: " + fqcn, e);
                    }
                    // Do not throw an exception, because it is not a fatal error.
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Handle the "force-property" parameter.
     *
     * If you need to force more than one property to load, then
     * separate each entry with whitespace, a comma, or a semi-colon.
     * Cocoon will strip any whitespace from the entry.
     */
    private void forceProperty() {
        if (this.forceSystemProperty != null) {
            StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(forceSystemProperty, " \t\r\n\f;,", false);

            while (tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
                final String property = tokenizer.nextToken().trim();
                if (property.indexOf('=') == -1) {
                    continue;
                }
                try {
                    String key = property.substring(0, property.indexOf('='));
                    String value = property.substring(property.indexOf('=') + 1);
                    if (value.indexOf("${") != -1) {
                        value = StringUtils.replaceToken(value);
                    }
                    if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
                        getLogger().debug("setting " + key + "=" + value);
                    }
                    System.setProperty(key, value);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    if (getLogger().isWarnEnabled()) {
                        getLogger().warn("Could not set property: " + property, e);
                    }
                    // Do not throw an exception, because it is not a fatal error.
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Process the specified <code>ActionRequest</code> producing output
     * on the specified <code>ActionResponse</code>.
     */
    public void processAction(ActionRequest req, ActionResponse res)
    throws PortletException, IOException {

        /* HACK for reducing class loader problems.                                     */
        /* example: xalan extensions fail if someone adds xalan jars in tomcat3.2.1/lib */
        if (this.initClassLoader) {
            try {
                Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(this.classLoader);
            } catch (Exception e) {
            }
        }

        // remember when we started (used for timing the processing)
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        // add the cocoon header timestamp
        res.setProperty("X-Cocoon-Version", Constants.VERSION);

        // get the request (wrapped if contains multipart-form data)
        ActionRequest request;
        try {
            if (this.enableUploads) {
                request = requestFactory.getServletRequest(req);
            } else {
                request = req;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            if (getLogger().isErrorEnabled()) {
                getLogger().error("Problem with Cocoon portlet", e);
            }

            manageException(req, res, null, null,
                            "Problem in creating the Request", null, null, e);
            return;
        }

        // Get the cocoon engine instance
        getCocoon(request.getParameter(Constants.RELOAD_PARAM));

        // Check if cocoon was initialized
        if (this.cocoon == null) {
            manageException(request, res, null, null,
                            "Initialization Problem",
                            null /* "Cocoon was not initialized" */,
                            null /* "Cocoon was not initialized, cannot process request" */,
                            this.exception);
            return;
        }

        // We got it... Process the request
        String servletPath = this.servletPath;
        if (servletPath == null) {
            servletPath = "portlets/" + getPortletConfig().getPortletName();
        }
        String pathInfo = getPathInfo(request);

        String uri = servletPath;
        if (pathInfo != null) {
            uri += pathInfo;
        }

        ContextMap ctxMap = null;

        Environment env;
        try {
            if (uri.charAt(0) == '/') {
                uri = uri.substring(1);
            }
            env = getEnvironment(servletPath, pathInfo, uri, request, res);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            if (getLogger().isErrorEnabled()) {
                getLogger().error("Problem with Cocoon portlet", e);
            }

            manageException(request, res, null, uri,
                            "Problem in creating the Environment", null, null, e);
            return;
        }

        try {
            try {
                // Initialize a fresh log context containing the object model: it
                // will be used by the CocoonLogFormatter
                ctxMap = ContextMap.getCurrentContext();
                // Add thread name (default content for empty context)
                String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                ctxMap.set("threadName", threadName);
                // Add the object model
                ctxMap.set("objectModel", env.getObjectModel());
                // Add a unique request id (threadName + currentTime
                ctxMap.set("request-id", threadName + System.currentTimeMillis());

                if (this.cocoon.process(env)) {
                } else {
                    // We reach this when there is nothing in the processing change that matches
                    // the request. For example, no matcher matches.
                    getLogger().fatalError("The Cocoon engine failed to process the request.");
                    manageException(request, res, env, uri,
                                    "Request Processing Failed",
                                    "Cocoon engine failed in process the request",
                                    "The processing engine failed to process the request. This could be due to lack of matching or bugs in the pipeline engine.",
                                    null);
                    return;
                }
            } catch (ResourceNotFoundException e) {
                if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
                    getLogger().warn(e.getMessage(), e);
                } else if (getLogger().isWarnEnabled()) {
                    getLogger().warn(e.getMessage());
                }

                manageException(request, res, env, uri,
                                "Resource Not Found",
                                "Resource Not Found",
                                "The requested portlet could not be found",
                                e);
                return;

            } catch (ConnectionResetException e) {
                if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
                    getLogger().debug(e.getMessage(), e);
                } else if (getLogger().isWarnEnabled()) {
                    getLogger().warn(e.getMessage());
                }

            } catch (IOException e) {
                // Tomcat5 wraps SocketException into ClientAbortException which extends IOException.
                if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
                    getLogger().debug(e.getMessage(), e);
                } else if (getLogger().isWarnEnabled()) {
                    getLogger().warn(e.getMessage());
                }

            } catch (Exception e) {
                if (getLogger().isErrorEnabled()) {
                    getLogger().error("Internal Cocoon Problem", e);
                }

                manageException(request, res, env, uri,
                                "Internal Server Error", null, null, e);
                return;
            }

            long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
            String timeString = processTime(end - start);
            if (getLogger().isInfoEnabled()) {
                getLogger().info("'" + uri + "' " + timeString);
            }
            res.setProperty("X-Cocoon-Time", timeString);
        } finally {
            if (ctxMap != null) {
                ctxMap.clear();
            }

            try {
                if (request instanceof MultipartActionRequest) {
                    if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
                        getLogger().debug("Deleting uploaded file(s).");
                    }
                    ((MultipartActionRequest) request).cleanup();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                getLogger().error("Cocoon got an Exception while trying to cleanup the uploaded files.", e);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Process the specified <code>RenderRequest</code> producing output
     * on the specified <code>RenderResponse</code>.
     */
    public void render(RenderRequest req, RenderResponse res)
    throws PortletException, IOException {

        /* HACK for reducing class loader problems.                                     */
        /* example: xalan extensions fail if someone adds xalan jars in tomcat3.2.1/lib */
        if (this.initClassLoader) {
            try {
                Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(this.classLoader);
            } catch (Exception e) {
            }
        }

        // remember when we started (used for timing the processing)
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        // add the cocoon header timestamp
        res.setProperty("X-Cocoon-Version", Constants.VERSION);

        // get the request (wrapped if contains multipart-form data)
        RenderRequest request = req;

        // Get the cocoon engine instance
        getCocoon(request.getParameter(Constants.RELOAD_PARAM));

        // Check if cocoon was initialized
        if (this.cocoon == null) {
            manageException(request, res, null, null,
                            "Initialization Problem",
                            null /* "Cocoon was not initialized" */,
                            null /* "Cocoon was not initialized, cannot process request" */,
                            this.exception);
            return;
        }

        // We got it... Process the request
        String servletPath = this.servletPath;
        if (servletPath == null) {
            servletPath = "portlets/" + getPortletConfig().getPortletName();
        }
        String pathInfo = getPathInfo(request);

        String uri = servletPath;
        if (pathInfo != null) {
            uri += pathInfo;
        }

        String contentType = null;
        ContextMap ctxMap = null;

        Environment env;
        try {
            if (uri.charAt(0) == '/') {
                uri = uri.substring(1);
            }
            env = getEnvironment(servletPath, pathInfo, uri, request, res);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            if (getLogger().isErrorEnabled()) {
                getLogger().error("Problem with Cocoon portlet", e);
            }

            manageException(request, res, null, uri,
                            "Problem in creating the Environment", null, null, e);
            return;
        }

        try {
            try {
                // Initialize a fresh log context containing the object model: it
                // will be used by the CocoonLogFormatter
                ctxMap = ContextMap.getCurrentContext();
                // Add thread name (default content for empty context)
                String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                ctxMap.set("threadName", threadName);
                // Add the object model
                ctxMap.set("objectModel", env.getObjectModel());
                // Add a unique request id (threadName + currentTime
                ctxMap.set("request-id", threadName + System.currentTimeMillis());

                if (this.cocoon.process(env)) {
                    contentType = env.getContentType();
                } else {
                    // We reach this when there is nothing in the processing change that matches
                    // the request. For example, no matcher matches.
                    getLogger().fatalError("The Cocoon engine failed to process the request.");
                    manageException(request, res, env, uri,
                                    "Request Processing Failed",
                                    "Cocoon engine failed in process the request",
                                    "The processing engine failed to process the request. This could be due to lack of matching or bugs in the pipeline engine.",
                                    null);
                    return;
                }
            } catch (ResourceNotFoundException rse) {
                if (getLogger().isWarnEnabled()) {
                    getLogger().warn("The resource was not found", rse);
                }

                manageException(request, res, env, uri,
                                "Resource Not Found",
                                "Resource Not Found",
                                "The requested portlet could not be found",
                                rse);
                return;

            } catch (ConnectionResetException e) {
                if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
                    getLogger().debug(e.getMessage(), e);
                } else if (getLogger().isWarnEnabled()) {
                    getLogger().warn(e.getMessage());
                }

            } catch (IOException e) {
                // Tomcat5 wraps SocketException into ClientAbortException which extends IOException.
                if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
                    getLogger().debug(e.getMessage(), e);
                } else if (getLogger().isWarnEnabled()) {
                    getLogger().warn(e.getMessage());
                }

            } catch (Exception e) {
                if (getLogger().isErrorEnabled()) {
                    getLogger().error("Internal Cocoon Problem", e);
                }

                manageException(request, res, env, uri,
                                "Internal Server Error", null, null, e);
                return;
            }

            long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
            String timeString = processTime(end - start);
            if (getLogger().isInfoEnabled()) {
                getLogger().info("'" + uri + "' " + timeString);
            }
            res.setProperty("X-Cocoon-Time", timeString);

            if (contentType != null && contentType.equals("text/html")) {
                String showTime = request.getParameter(Constants.SHOWTIME_PARAM);
                boolean show = this.showTime;
                if (showTime != null) {
                    show = !showTime.equalsIgnoreCase("no");
                }
                if (show) {
                    boolean hide = this.hiddenShowTime;
                    if (showTime != null) {
                        hide = showTime.equalsIgnoreCase("hide");
                    }
                    PrintStream out = new PrintStream(res.getPortletOutputStream());
                    out.print((hide) ? "<!-- " : "<p>");
                    out.print(timeString);
                    out.println((hide) ? " -->" : "</p>\n");
                }
            }
        } finally {
            if (ctxMap != null) {
                ctxMap.clear();
            }

            try {
                if (request instanceof MultipartActionRequest) {
                    if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
                        getLogger().debug("Deleting uploaded file(s).");
                    }
                    ((MultipartActionRequest) request).cleanup();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                getLogger().error("Cocoon got an Exception while trying to cleanup the uploaded files.", e);
            }

            /*
             * Portlet Specification 1.0, PLT.12.3.2 Output Stream and Writer Objects:
             *   The termination of the render method of the portlet indicates
             *   that the portlet has satisfied the request and that the output
             *   object is to be closed.
             *
             * Portlet container will close the stream, no need to close it here.
             */
        }
    }

    private String getPathInfo(PortletRequest request) {
        PortletSession session = null;

        String pathInfo = request.getParameter(PortletEnvironment.PARAMETER_PATH_INFO);
        if (storeSessionPath) {
            session = request.getPortletSession(true);
            if (pathInfo == null) {
                pathInfo = (String)session.getAttribute(PortletEnvironment.PARAMETER_PATH_INFO);
            }
        }

        // Make sure it starts with or equals to '/'
        if (pathInfo == null) {
            pathInfo = "/";
        } else if (!pathInfo.startsWith("/")) {
            pathInfo = '/' + pathInfo;
        }

        if (storeSessionPath) {
            session.setAttribute(PortletEnvironment.PARAMETER_PATH_INFO, pathInfo);
        }
        return pathInfo;
    }

    protected void manageException(ActionRequest req, ActionResponse res, Environment env,
                                   String uri, String title, String message, String description,
                                   Exception e)
    throws PortletException {
        throw new PortletException("Exception in CocoonPortlet", e);
    }

    protected void manageException(RenderRequest req, RenderResponse res, Environment env,
                                   String uri, String title, String message, String description,
                                   Exception e)
    throws IOException, PortletException {
        if (this.manageExceptions) {
            if (env != null) {
                env.tryResetResponse();
            } else {
                res.reset();
            }

            String type = Notifying.FATAL_NOTIFICATION;
            HashMap extraDescriptions = null;

            extraDescriptions = new HashMap(2);
            extraDescriptions.put(Notifying.EXTRA_REQUESTURI, getPortletConfig().getPortletName());
            if (uri != null) {
                extraDescriptions.put("Request URI", uri);
            }

            // Do not show exception stack trace when log level is WARN or above. Show only message.
            if (!getLogger().isInfoEnabled()) {
                Throwable t = DefaultNotifyingBuilder.getRootCause(e);
                if (t != null) extraDescriptions.put(Notifying.EXTRA_CAUSE, t.getMessage());
                e = null;
            }

            Notifying n = new DefaultNotifyingBuilder().build(this,
                                                              e,
                                                              type,
                                                              title,
                                                              "Cocoon Portlet",
                                                              message,
                                                              description,
                                                              extraDescriptions);

            res.setContentType("text/html");
            Notifier.notify(n, res.getPortletOutputStream(), "text/html");
        } else {
            res.flushBuffer();
            throw new PortletException("Exception in CocoonPortlet", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Create the environment for the request
     */
    protected Environment getEnvironment(String servletPath,
                                         String pathInfo,
                                         String uri,
                                         ActionRequest req,
                                         ActionResponse res)
    throws Exception {
        PortletEnvironment env;

        String formEncoding = req.getParameter("cocoon-form-encoding");
        if (formEncoding == null) {
            formEncoding = this.defaultFormEncoding;
        }
        env = new PortletEnvironment(servletPath,
                                     pathInfo,
                                     uri,
                                     this.portletContextURL,
                                     req,
                                     res,
                                     this.portletContext,
                                     (PortletContext) this.appContext.get(Constants.CONTEXT_ENVIRONMENT_CONTEXT),
                                     this.containerEncoding,
                                     formEncoding,
                                     this.defaultSessionScope);
        env.enableLogging(getLogger());
        return env;
    }

    /**
     * Create the environment for the request
     */
    protected Environment getEnvironment(String servletPath,
                                         String pathInfo,
                                         String uri,
                                         RenderRequest req,
                                         RenderResponse res)
    throws Exception {
        PortletEnvironment env;

        String formEncoding = req.getParameter("cocoon-form-encoding");
        if (formEncoding == null) {
            formEncoding = this.defaultFormEncoding;
        }
        env = new PortletEnvironment(servletPath,
                                     pathInfo,
                                     uri,
                                     this.portletContextURL,
                                     req,
                                     res,
                                     this.portletContext,
                                     (PortletContext) this.appContext.get(Constants.CONTEXT_ENVIRONMENT_CONTEXT),
                                     this.containerEncoding,
                                     formEncoding,
                                     this.defaultSessionScope);
        env.enableLogging(getLogger());
        return env;
    }

    /**
     * Instatiates the parent component manager, as specified in the
     * parent-component-manager init parameter.
     *
     * If none is specified, the method returns <code>null</code>.
     *
     * @return the parent component manager, or <code>null</code>.
     */
    protected synchronized ComponentManager getParentComponentManager() {
        if (parentComponentManager != null && parentComponentManager instanceof Disposable) {
            ((Disposable) parentComponentManager).dispose();
        }

        parentComponentManager = null;
        if (parentComponentManagerClass != null) {
            try {
                Class pcm = ClassUtils.loadClass(parentComponentManagerClass);
                Constructor pcmc = pcm.getConstructor(new Class[]{String.class});
                parentComponentManager = (ComponentManager) pcmc.newInstance(new Object[]{parentComponentManagerInitParam});

                if (parentComponentManager instanceof LogEnabled) {
                    ((LogEnabled) parentComponentManager).enableLogging(getLogger());
                }
                if (parentComponentManager instanceof Contextualizable) {
                    ((Contextualizable) parentComponentManager).contextualize(this.appContext);
                }
                if (parentComponentManager instanceof Initializable) {
                    ((Initializable) parentComponentManager).initialize();
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                if (getLogger().isErrorEnabled()) {
                    getLogger().error("Could not initialize parent component manager.", e);
                }
            }
        }
        return parentComponentManager;
    }

    /**
     * Creates the Cocoon object and handles exception handling.
     */
    private synchronized void createCocoon()
    throws PortletException {

        /* HACK for reducing class loader problems.                                     */
        /* example: xalan extensions fail if someone adds xalan jars in tomcat3.2.1/lib */
        if (this.initClassLoader) {
            try {
                Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(this.classLoader);
            } catch (Exception e) {
            }
        }

        updateEnvironment();
        forceLoad();
        forceProperty();

        try {
            URL configFile = (URL) this.appContext.get(Constants.CONTEXT_CONFIG_URL);
            if (getLogger().isInfoEnabled()) {
                getLogger().info("Reloading from: " + configFile.toExternalForm());
            }
            Cocoon c = (Cocoon) ClassUtils.newInstance("org.apache.cocoon.Cocoon");
            ContainerUtil.enableLogging(c, getCocoonLogger());
            c.setLoggerManager(getLoggerManager());
            ContainerUtil.contextualize(c, this.appContext);
            final ComponentManager parent = this.getParentComponentManager();
            if (parent != null) {
                ContainerUtil.compose(c, parent);
            }
            if (this.enableInstrumentation) {
                c.setInstrumentManager(getInstrumentManager());
            }
            ContainerUtil.initialize(c);
            this.creationTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

            disposeCocoon();
            this.cocoon = c;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            if (getLogger().isErrorEnabled()) {
                getLogger().error("Exception reloading", e);
            }
            this.exception = e;
            disposeCocoon();
        }
    }

    private Logger getCocoonLogger() {
        final String rootlogger = getInitParameter("cocoon-logger");
        if (rootlogger != null) {
            return this.getLoggerManager().getLoggerForCategory(rootlogger);
        } else {
            return getLogger();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Method to update the environment before Cocoon instances are created.
     *
     * This is also useful if you wish to customize any of the 'protected'
     * variables from this class before a Cocoon instance is built in a derivative
     * of this class (eg. Cocoon Context).
     */
    protected void updateEnvironment() throws PortletException {
        this.appContext.put(Constants.CONTEXT_CLASS_LOADER, classLoader);
        this.appContext.put(Constants.CONTEXT_CLASSPATH, getClassPath());
    }

    /**
     * Helper method to obtain an <code>InstrumentManager</code> instance
     *
     * @return an <code>InstrumentManager</code> instance
     */
    private InstrumentManager getInstrumentManager()
    throws Exception {
        String imConfig = getInitParameter("instrumentation-config");
        if (imConfig == null) {
            throw new PortletException("Please define the init-param 'instrumentation-config' in your web.xml");
        }

        final InputStream is = this.portletContext.getResourceAsStream(imConfig);
        final DefaultConfigurationBuilder builder = new DefaultConfigurationBuilder();
        final Configuration conf = builder.build(is);

        // Get the logger for the instrument manager
        final String imLoggerCategory = conf.getAttribute("logger", "core.instrument");
        Logger imLogger = this.loggerManager.getLoggerForCategory(imLoggerCategory);

        // Set up the Instrument Manager
        DefaultInstrumentManagerImpl instrumentManager = new DefaultInstrumentManagerImpl();
        instrumentManager.enableLogging(imLogger);
        instrumentManager.configure(conf);
        instrumentManager.initialize();

        if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
            getLogger().debug("Instrument manager created " + instrumentManager);
        }

        this.instrumentManager = instrumentManager;
        return instrumentManager;
    }

    private String processTime(long time) {
        StringBuffer out = new StringBuffer(PROCESSED_BY);
        if (time <= SECOND) {
            out.append(time);
            out.append(" milliseconds.");
        } else if (time <= MINUTE) {
            out.append(time / SECOND);
            out.append(" seconds.");
        } else if (time <= HOUR) {
            out.append(time / MINUTE);
            out.append(" minutes.");
        } else {
            out.append(time / HOUR);
            out.append(" hours.");
        }
        return out.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Gets the current cocoon object.  Reload cocoon if configuration
     * changed or we are reloading.
     */
    private void getCocoon(final String reloadParam)
    throws PortletException {
        if (this.allowReload) {
            boolean reload = false;

            if (this.cocoon != null) {
                if (this.cocoon.modifiedSince(this.creationTime)) {
                    if (getLogger().isInfoEnabled()) {
                        getLogger().info("Configuration changed reload attempt");
                    }
                    reload = true;
                } else if (reloadParam != null) {
                    if (getLogger().isInfoEnabled()) {
                        getLogger().info("Forced reload attempt");
                    }
                    reload = true;
                }
            } else if (reloadParam != null) {
                if (getLogger().isInfoEnabled()) {
                    getLogger().info("Invalid configurations reload");
                }
                reload = true;
            }

            if (reload) {
                initLogger();
                createCocoon();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Destroy Cocoon
     */
    private final void disposeCocoon() {
        if (this.cocoon != null) {
            ContainerUtil.dispose(this.cocoon);
            this.cocoon = null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get an initialisation parameter. The value is trimmed, and null is returned if the trimmed value
     * is empty.
     */
    public String getInitParameter(String name) {
        String result = super.getInitParameter(name);
        if (result != null) {
            result = result.trim();
            if (result.length() == 0) {
                result = null;
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

    /** Convenience method to access portlet parameters */
    protected String getInitParameter(String name, String defaultValue) {
        String result = getInitParameter(name);
        if (result == null) {
            if (getLogger() != null && getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
                getLogger().debug(name + " was not set - defaulting to '" + defaultValue + "'");
            }
            return defaultValue;
        } else {
            return result;
        }
    }

    /** Convenience method to access boolean portlet parameters */
    protected boolean getInitParameterAsBoolean(String name, boolean defaultValue) {
        String value = getInitParameter(name);
        if (value == null) {
            if (getLogger() != null && getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
                getLogger().debug(name + " was not set - defaulting to '" + defaultValue + "'");
            }
            return defaultValue;
        }

        return BooleanUtils.toBoolean(value);
    }

    protected int getInitParameterAsInteger(String name, int defaultValue) {
        String value = getInitParameter(name);
        if (value == null) {
            if (getLogger() != null && getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
                getLogger().debug(name + " was not set - defaulting to '" + defaultValue + "'");
            }
            return defaultValue;
        } else {
            return Integer.parseInt(value);
        }
    }

    protected Logger getLogger() {
        return this.log;
    }

    protected LoggerManager getLoggerManager() {
        return this.loggerManager;
    }
}
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